Straw (redirected from Agricultural byproduct)

straw, dried stalks of threshed grains, especially wheat, barley, oats, and rye. It has been used from antiquity for bedding, covering floors, and thatching roofs, as fodder and litter for animals, and in weaving such articles as mats, screens, baskets, ornaments and hangings, hats, sandals, fans, and armor. Straw hats are woven in one piece or made from braids sewn together. Braids have been made in Europe from medieval times and probably originated in Tuscany, Italy. They are usually made from straw selected for color, length, and lightness and are grown under special conditions of soil and climate. Fine braids, such as leghorn, are commonly of wheat stalks, often cut before they are fully ripe. Hats made of other fibers, such as the leaf fiber of the screw pine used for Panama hats, are also known as straw hats. Straw was once widely used as a packing material and in the manufacture of strawboard (a cheap cardboard) and, in combination with less brittle materials, of paper. See hay.

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straw

Stalks of grasses, particularly cereal grasses such as wheat, oats, rye, barley, and buckwheat. Used collectively, the term means stalks aggregated into bales or piles after the drying and threshing of grain. Since ancient times, humans have used straw as litter and fodder for cattle, as a covering for floors, for coarse bedding, and even as clothing. It can also be woven into baskets, hats, floor mats, and furniture coverings. Thatched roofs consist of straw laid down approximately 1 ft (30 cm) thick and secured by strong cords, with the fibers running in the direction to be taken by rainwater. Chemically pulped straw is used in the manufacture of coarse paper and strawboard, a cardboard for cheap paper boxes.

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straw

1. 

a. stalks of threshed grain, esp of wheat, rye, oats, or barley, used in plaiting hats, baskets, etc., or as fodder

b. (as modifier): a straw hat

2. a single dry or ripened stalk, esp of a grass

3. a pale yellow colour

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Straw

Jack, full name John Whitaker Straw. born 1946, British Labour politician; Home Secretary (1997--2001); Foreign Secretary from 2001

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straw [strȯ]

(agriculture)

Grain stalks after threshing and usually mixed with leaves and chaff.

(botany)

A stem of grain, such as wheat or oats.

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Straw 

the dry stems of cereal and leguminous crops that remain after threshing; the dry stems of flax, hemp, ambary, and other plants whose leaves, flowers, and seeds have been removed. The straw of cereal crops is primarily used to feed cattle.

The chemical composition and nutrient value of straw depend on the plant species, the climate, and the methods of reaping, threshing, and storage. Straw contains 35–45 percent cellulose and other hard-to-digest complex carbohydrates, 2–6 percent protein (in leguminous straw, 4–9 percent), 1.2–2 percent fat, and 4–7 percent ash. One hundred kilograms of millet straw contains an average of 40 feed units and 2.3 kg of digestible protein; 100 kg of barley straw has 33 feed units and 1.3 kg of digestible protein. Spring straw has more protein and less cellulose than winter straw; hence, it has the higher nutritional value of the two types.

Owing to its low nutritional value and low digestibility, straw is used mainly to add bulk or as a supplement to rations that include a high proportion of succulent feed. Various methods of preparation are used to improve the edibility of straw, for example, grinding, steaming, flavoring, and treatment with chemicals (soda ash, lime, ammonia). The granulation of straw mixed with concentrates and artificially dried grass is becoming widespread.

Livestock may be fed all types of straw except buckwheat, which sometimes causes reddening of the skin, rash, and swelling of the joints. High-quality cereal straw is light in color, shiny, and resilient; straw that has lain for a long time is brittle and dusty and often has a spicy odor.

Straw may be used as litter for farm animals and as raw material in making adobe, insulating panels, and mats. Straw from flax, hemp, and other textile plants is the raw material used to obtain treated plant fibers, from which textile fibers are isolated.