Andhra Pradesh (redirected from Andrapradesh)

Andhra Pradesh (än`drə prä`dāsh), state (2001 provisional pop. 75,727,541), 106,052 sq mi (275,608 sq km), SE India, on the Bay of Bengal. The capital is Hyderabad. The state was created in 1956 from the Telugu-speaking portions of Madras (now Tamil Nadu) and Hyderabad states. Although the interior is mountainous, Andhra Pradesh is largely on a coastal plain drained by the Penner, Krishna, and Godavari rivers. Rice, sugarcane, peanuts, and cotton are raised; coal, chrome, and manganese are mined. India's largest shipyard is located in Vishakhapatnam, and a satellite launch center is on Sriharikota island. The state takes its name from the Andhra people, the indigenous inhabitants of the area. Among the political forces within Andhra Pradesh is a movement advocating separation from India. The state is governed by a chief minister and cabinet responsible to a bicameral legislature with one elected house and by a governor appointed by the president of India.

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Andhra Pradesh

State (pop., 2001: 76,210,007), southeastern India. Located on the Bay of Bengal, it is bordered by Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, and Orissa states. Covering 106,204 sq mi (275,068 sq km), it was created in 1953 and achieved its present-day form in 1960; its capital is Hyderabad. Its name derives from the Telugu-speaking Andhra people, who have long inhabited the area. Many dynasties have flourished here, dating to the 3rd century BC. The area came under British influence in the 17th century; in the 19th century the Andhras played a decisive role in the rise of Indian nationalism. The state's economy, once primarily agricultural, has become one of the most industrialized in India.

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Andhra Pradesh

a state of SE India, on the Bay of Bengal: formed in 1953 from parts of Madras and Hyderabad states. Capital: Hyderabad. Pop.: 75 727 541 (2001). Area: about 275 068 sq. km (106 204 sq. miles)

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Andhra Pradesh 

a state in eastern India, on the coast of the Bay of Bengal. Its area is 275,300 sq km, and its population is 39 million (1965), chiefly Andhra (Telugu). The religion is Hinduism. The capital is Hyderabad.

Natural features. In the eastern part of the state, abutting the slightly dissected lagoon shoreline of the Bay of Bengal, is a coastal alluvial depression 20–180 km wide, with deltas of the Godavari, Kistna, Penner, and other rivers, fertile soils (mainly alluvial), and a moist tropical climate (rainfall up to 1,500 mm each year, with the greatest amount usually from October to December, associated with the northeastern monsoons). The northern part of the depression is bounded on the west by sections of the Eastern Ghats (elevation to 1,680 m). The rest of the inland territory of Andhra Pradesh is taken up by the Deccan Plateau (elevations predominantly 200–700 m). The uphill sloping lowlands alternate with separate mountain ranges (Velikonda, elevation to 1,105 m; Nallamalai; and others). The area has a tropical monsoon climate, with a strongly pronounced, arid winter and a relatively moist summer; annual rainfall is 500–850 mm. Red gravelly soils and regurs predominate; there are xerophytic shrub thickets and isolated large, sparse monsoon forests.

Economy. Andhra Pradesh is the traditional rice bowl of India (crops are cultivated mainly in the coastal lowlands; the harvest yields more than 5 million tons, or 10–12 percent of the total Indian production) and a chief producer of tobacco (cultivated in the Kistna and Godavari deltas; half of the country’s harvest, mainly Virginia tobaccos). Andhra Pradesh accounts for approximately 10 percent of the sugarcane harvest and about 15 percent of the millet, 50 percent of the castor oil plant production, 14 percent of the peanut yield, and about 3–4 percent of the cotton crop. Crops take up 42 percent of the area of the state (more than 11 million hectares), and about 25 percent of it is irrigated by canals. The Tungabhadra, Nagarjunasagar, Pochampad, and Kadam hydroelectric power stations, including irrigation canals, are being constructed.

Andhra Pradesh is first in sheep-raising in India, with 8.4 million—more than 20 percent of the general livestock—and second in water buffalo, with approximately 7 million.

Among the Indian states, Andhra Pradesh has the greatest number of agricultural workers (5.2 million in 1961); agrarian reforms have not eliminated landlords’ property rights.

Industry in Andhra Pradesh is poorly developed (5.5 percent of the factory workers and 3.5 percent of the country’s industrial revenues). Industrial manufacturing companies employ 234,000 people (1962); 1.8 million—the largest number in India—are engaged in light domestic industry. The traditional branches of industry are tobacco (almost 40 percent of the factory workers in the state), food (rice milling, production of vegetable oils, sugar, and others), textiles (more than 10 percent of the workers)—primarily spinning in industrial manufacturing enterprises; and weaving (mainly woolen fabrics) among home workers. The silver filigree work is well known. Mineral and forest resources are continuing to be more widely developed. Coal is the major product of the mining industry. In the Singareni coalfields in the northern part of the state, approximately 4.3 million tons of coal are mined (1966/67). The construction of the thermoelectric power stations at Ramagundam (100 megawatts) and Kottagudem (240 megawatts) and the hydroelectric power stations in the basins of the Godavari (Machkund, Upper and Lower Sileru) and the Kistna (Srisailam, Nagarjunasagar, Tungabhadra) is aiding the transformation of Andhra Pradesh into an important energy-producing region. Andhra Pradesh yields one-third of the total mica output (Nellore district) and almost all of the barite; asbestos, calcite, iron, and manganese ores are mined here; and salt is extracted along the seacoast. Machine-building, shipbuilding (at Vishakhapatnam), heavy power equipment and machine-tool production (Hyderabad), chemical, petrochemical (at the oil refinery in Vishakhapatnam), coal chemistry (Kottagudem), synthetic chemico-pharmaceutical drug production, and paper and cement industries are being created; an installation for the production of uranium and fuel elements is under construction (Hyderabad).

G. V. SDASIUK