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Aqmola

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Aqmola, Kazakhstan: see Astana Astana , formerly Aqmola or Akmola , city (1993 est. pop. 287,000), capital of Kazakhstan and Aqmola prov., in central Kazakhstan on the Ishim (Esil) River.
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Astana

 formerly (1992–98) Aqmola or Akmola or(1961–92) Tselinograd

City (pop., 1999: 319,318), capital of Kazakhstan. Situated on the banks of the Ishim River in north-central Kazakhstan, it was founded in 1824 as a Russian military outpost. The city's importance was enhanced by its location at the junction of the Trans-Kazakhstan and South Siberian railways. It is in the centre of a mineral-rich steppe region. In 1994 the Kazakh government began to transfer the national capital from Almaty to Astana, changing the city's name in 1998.
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Shifting the capital from Almaty in the South - which is Great Horde territory - to Aqmola in the North is an attempt to placate the Middle Horde.
Country profile: Kazakhstan by New Internationalist
 
 
 
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