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Arikara

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Arikara (ərĭk`ərə), Native North Americans whose language belongs to the Caddoan branch of the Hokan-Siouan linguistic stock (see Native American languages Native American languages, languages of the native peoples of the Western Hemisphere and their descendants. A number of the Native American languages that were spoken at the time of the European arrival in the New World in the late 15th cent.
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). Archaeological evidence shows that they occupied the banks of the upper Missouri River since at least the 14th cent. A semisedentary group, they lived in earth-covered lodges. In winter they hunted buffalo, returning to their villages for spring planting; the Arikara were influential in bringing agricultural knowledge from the Southwest to the prehistoric peoples of the upper Missouri River. They traded corn with hunting tribes in return for buffalo hides and meat, and they were active in bartering with early white traders, who frequently called them the Rees. They were closely associated with the Mandan Mandan (măn`dăn, –dən)
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 and the Hidatsa Hidatsa (hēdät`sä), Native North Americans, also known as the Minitari and the Gros Ventre.
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; these three tribes now share the Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota. There were some 1,600 Arikara in the United States in 1990.

Bibliography

See D. J. Lehmer, Arikara Archaeology (1968); E. T. Denig, Five Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri (1975).



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Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation in North Dakota
The many bands of the Teton were the terrors of the northern Plains and held the tribes who lived along the Missouri, such as the Arikara, at their mercy.
Click on The Native Americans to read some of Lewis and Clark's accounts of their expedition--from tensions with the Blackfoot and the Tenton Sioux, to friendships they had with the Arikara and the Shoshone.
 
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