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Artaxerxes I
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Artaxerxes I (är'təzûrk`sēz), d. 425 B.C., king of ancient Persia (464–425 B.C.), of the dynasty of the Achaemenis. Artaxerxes is the Greek form of "Ardashir the Persian." He succeeded his father, Xerxes I Xerxes I (Xerxes the Great) (zûrk`sēz), d. 465 B.C., king of ancient Persia (486–465 B.C.).
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, in whose assassination he had no part. The later weakness of the Persian Empire is commonly traced to the reign of Artaxerxes, and there were many uprisings in the provinces. The revolt of Egypt, aided by the Athenians, was put down (c.455 B.C.) after years of fighting, and Bactria was pacified. The Athenians sent a fleet under Cimon Cimon (sī`mən), d. 449 B.C., Athenian general and statesman; son of Miltiades.
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 to aid a rebellion of Cyprus against Persian rule. The fleet won a victory, but the treaty negotiated by Callias Callias (kăl`ēəs), fl. 449 B.C., Athenian statesman; he was related to Cimon and also to Aristides.
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 was generally favorable to Persia. Important cultural exchanges occurred between Greece and Persia during Artaxerxes' reign. He was remembered warmly in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah because he authorized their revival of Judaism.


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They eventually ostracized and exiled him, at which point the wily politician switched sides and presented himself at the court of Xerxes' son, Artaxerxes I, who gave him a swath of Anatolia to govern.
19) Like Williams, Bunyan also traced the entrance of the spirit of antichrist into the world to the time of Constantine in Of Antichrist, and His Ruine (1692), and in that same document he applauded King Artaxerxes of Persia for not imposing religion on the freed Judean exiles and wished that "all Kings would but give such liberty," even if "contrary (if he had any) to his own National Worship.
Nehemiah, a leader of the Jews living in exile in Persia, sought and obtained permission from King Artaxerxes to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the walls of the city which had lain in ruins for a century.
 
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