Aymara (redirected from Aymara ethnic group)

Aymara (īmärä`), Native South Americans inhabiting the Lake Titicaca basin in Peru and Bolivia. The originators of the great culture represented by the ruins of Tiahuanaco were very likely Aymara speakers. Although subjugated by the Inca in the 15th cent. after a long struggle, the Aymara continue to dominate the region, with a population of over 2 million in the mid-1990s. The Aymara languages make up a separate unit; they are spoken in Peru and Bolivia in the Titicaca region. The Aymara, conquered (1538) by Hernando and Gonzalo Pizarro, retained their pastoral and agricultural culture. In general, social organization was, and still is, based on the patrilineal family unit. Contemporary Aymara and the related Quechua peasant culture is a blend of aboriginal, Spanish colonial, and modern elements.

Bibliography

See H. Osborne, Indians of the Andes, Aymaras and Quechuas (1952); J. Steward, ed., Handbook of South American Indians, Vol. II (1963); H. and J.-M. Buechler, The Bolivian Aymara (1971); A. L. Kolata, Valley of the Spirits (1996).

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Aymara

Large South American Indian group living on the Titicaca plateau of the central Andes Mountains in present-day Peru and Bolivia. The Aymara were conquered by the Inca and the Spanish, though they rebelled against both. Traditional Aymara now live in an area of poor soil and harsh climate, where they herd llamas and alpacas, grow crops, and fish using boats made of large reeds. Poverty rates within the group are among the highest in the hemisphere.

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Aymara 

an Indian tribe of South America. The majority of the Aymara live around Lake Titicaca and on the Bolivian altiplano in the southern section of the department of Puno (in Peru) and in the departments of La Paz and Oruro (in Bolivia). The Aymara language is spoken by about 1.3 million people (1964). The ancestors of the Aymara were the innovators of the Tiahuanaco culture. After the Spanish Conquest (16th century) the Aymara, despite severe oppression and discrimination, preserved their language and, to a considerable degree, their culture. The traditional structure of the community headed by an elder was retained in a number of areas. Their religion is Catholicism, although there are considerable vestiges of pre-Christian religious beliefs.

REFERENCE

Narody Ameriki, vol. 2. Moscow, 1959.

E. V. ZIBERT