Dionysus (redirected from Bacchus (god))

Dionysus (dīənī`səs), in Greek religion and mythology, god of fertility and wine. Legends concerning him are profuse and contradictory. However, he was one of the most important gods of the Greeks and was associated with various religious cults. He was probably in origin a Thracian deity. According to the Orphic legend, he was Dionysus Zagreus, the son of Zeus and Persephone (see Orphic Mysteries); in other legends he was the son of Zeus and Semele and was reared by the nymphs on Mt. Nysa, where he invented the art of wine making. Having grown to manhood, Dionysus wandered through many lands, teaching men the culture of the vine and the mysteries of his cult. He was followed by an entourage of satyrs, sileni, maenads, and nymphs. Many festivals were held in honor of Dionysus; most famous were the Lesser or Rural Dionysia (in late December), the Greater or City Dionysia (in late spring), the Anthesteria (in early spring), and the Lenaea (in winter). His characteristic worship was ecstatic and women were prominently involved. Votaries, through music, dancing, and drinking, and through eating flesh and blood of sacrificial animals, attempted to merge their identities with nature. Later, however, the worship of Dionysus became more formalized and calm. It was believed that not only could he liberate and inspire man through wine and ecstatic frenzy, but he could endow him directly with divine creativity. Dionysus thus came to be considered a patron of the arts. He was variously represented as a full-grown bearded man, as a beast, and as a delicate, effeminate youth. The Romans identified him with Liber and with Bacchus, who was more properly the god of wine. From the music, singing, and dancing at the festivals of Dionysus developed the dithyramb and ultimately Greek drama.

Bibliography

See M. Nilsson, The Dionysiac Mysteries of the Hellenistic and Roman Age (1975).

---

Dionysus

Greek god of vegetation and fruitfulness, known especially as the god of wine and ecstasy. His Roman equivalent was Bacchus. His worship was introduced into Greece from Asia Minor, and he became one of the most important of all the Greek gods, while his cult remained associated with that of many Asiatic deities. A son of Zeus and (according to the standard tradition) Semele, he was brought up by the maenads, or bacchantes. The first creator of wine, he traveled widely teaching the winemaking art, with a following of satyrs, sileni (see satyr and silenus), and nymphs. He had the gift of prophecy and was received at Delphi along with Apollo, though his principal oracle was at Thrace. Festivities called Dionysia or (among the Romans) Bacchanalia were held in his honor; in their earlier years they were wild, ecstatic occasions, and they have often been the subject of artistic representation. Dionysus originally appeared as a bearded man, but later more often as a slim youth. His principal attribute was the thyrsus, a wand bound with vine leaves. The dithyramb, a choral hymn in his honor, is often seen as the basis of Western drama.

---

Dionysus, Dionysos

the Greek god of wine, fruitfulness, and vegetation, worshipped in orgiastic rites. He was also known as the bestower of ecstasy and god of the drama, and identified with Bacchus

---

Dionysus

unborn god is saved from his dead mother and sewn into Zeus’s thigh, from which he is later born. [Gk. Myth.: Benét, 273]

See : Childbirth

---

Dionysus

god of fertility; sometimes associated with fertility of crops. [Gk. Myth.: NCE, 575]

See : Farming

---

Dionysus

inspired men through wine; considered a patron of the arts. [Gk. Myth.: NCE, 767]

See : Patronage

---

Dionysus

(Rom. Bacchus) god of wine and revelry. [Gk. Myth.: Parrinder, 39]

See : Revelry

---

Dionysus

god of the vine and its enlightening powers. [Gk. Myth.: Avery, 404–408; Parrinder, 80]

See : Wine