Berlin, Congress of definition of Berlin, Congress of in the Free Online Encyclopedia.

Berlin, Congress of, 1878, called by the signers of the Treaty of Paris of 1856 (see Paris, Congress of Paris, Congress of, 1856, conference held by representatives of France, Great Britain, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), Sardinia, Russia, Austria, and Prussia to negotiate the peace after the Crimean War. In the Treaty of Paris (Mar.
..... Click the link for more information. ) to reconsider the terms of the Treaty of San Stefano San Stefano, Treaty of , 1878, peace treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, at the conclusion of the last of the Russo-Turkish Wars; it was signed at San Stefano (now Yeşilköy), a village W of Istanbul, Turkey.
..... Click the link for more information. , which Russia had forced on the Ottoman Empire earlier in 1878. Great Britain and Austria-Hungary were the powers most insistent on revision; Russia submitted the treaty to revision only after Great Britain threatened war and Bismarck Bismarck, Otto von , 1815–98, German statesman, known as the Iron Chancellor. Early Life and Career

Born of an old Brandenburg Junker family, he studied at Göttingen and Berlin, and after holding minor judicial and administrative offices
..... Click the link for more information. had offered to mediate as "honest broker." He was chairman of the congress. Disraeli represented Great Britain; Count Andrássy, Austria-Hungary; William Henry Waddington, France; Aleksandr Gorchakov, Russia; Count Corti, Italy; and Alexander Karatheodori, the Ottomans. The agreements reached in the Treaty of Berlin and the accompanying British-Turkish pact deeply modified the Treaty of San Stefano. Montenegro, Serbia, and Romania were recognized as independent states; Romania, however, was forced to cede S Bessarabia to Russia in return for the less favored Dobruja. Greater Bulgaria, which had been created at San Stefano, was divided into N Bulgaria, a principality under nominal Ottoman suzerainty; Eastern Rumelia Rumelia or Roumelia , region of S Bulgaria, between the Balkan and Rhodope mts. Historically, Rumelia denoted the Balkan possessions (particularly Thrace and Macedonia, and excluding Bosnia) of the Ottoman Empire.
..... Click the link for more information. , to be governed, with certain autonomous rights, by a Christian appointee of the Ottoman emperor; and Macedonia (including Adrianople), under unrestricted Ottoman sovereignty. Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina , Serbo-Croatian Bosna i Hercegovina, country (2005 est. pop. 4,025,000), 19,741 sq mi (51,129 sq km), on the Balkan peninsula, S Europe.
..... Click the link for more information. , original cause of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, were assigned to Austria-Hungary for administration and military occupation. In Asia, Russia acquired Ardahan, Batum, and Kars from the Ottomans. Cyprus was to be under temporary occupation by Great Britain through a separate agreement, and Crete was promised constitutional government. Other provisions included an important rectification of the Greco-Ottoman boundary, the demilitarization of the lower Danube, and the protection of the Armenians and other religious minorities in Turkey. Russia was antagonized by Bismarck's handling of the conference, thereby bringing to an end the first Three Emperors' League Three Emperors' League, informal alliance among Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia, announced officially in 1872 on the occasion of the meeting of emperors Francis Joseph, William I, and Alexander II.
..... Click the link for more information. .

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No references found			Berlanga, Luis García Berle, A. A. Berle, Adolf Augustus Berle, Adolf Augustus, Jr. Berle, Milton Berlese, Antonio Berlichingen, Gotz Von Berlichingen, Götz Von Berlin Berlin Airlift Berlin Art Museums German Democratic Republic Berlin blockade and airlift Berlin blue Berlin Conference of 1884–85 Berlin Conference of 1954 Berlin Congress of 1878 Berlin Decree Berlin International of Trade Unions Berlin Operation of 1945 Berlin Pact of 1940 Berlin Painter Berlin Wall Berlin West Africa Conference Berlin, Conference of Berlin, Congress Berlin, Congress of Berlin, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Irving Berlin, Peace Treaty of 1742 Berlin, Sir Isaiah Berlin, University Berlin, West Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park berliner Berliner Ensemble Berliner, Emile Berling, Gosta, and Countess Elizabeth Berlinghieri, Bonaventura Berlingske Tidende Berlinguer, Enrico berlinite Berlioz Berlioz, Hector Berlioz, Hector Louis Berlioz, Louis-Hector Berlitz, Charles Berlusconi Berlusconi, Silvio berm berm crest			Berlin Musik GmbH Berlin Operation of 1945 Berlin Pact of 1940 Berlin Painter Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra Berlin Radar Program Berlin Regional Airport Berlin Regional Testbed Berlin Research Area Information Network Berlin School of Public Health Berlin shop Berlin Symphonic Film Orchestra Berlin Time Berlin v. Sarah Bush Lincoln Medical Center Berlin Wall Berlin Wall Software Supermarket Berlin West Africa Conference Berlin West Africa Conference Berlin West African Conference Berlin Winter Camp Berlin wool Berlin work Berlin, Conference of Berlin, Congress Berlin, Congress of Berlin, Free University of Berlin, Germany Berlin, Germany Berlin, Germany - Schoenefeld Berlin, Germany - Tegel Berlin, Germany - Tempelhof Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Irving Berlin, Irving Berlin, Peace Treaty of 1742 Berlin, Sir Isaiah Berlin, Sir Isaiah Berlin, University Berlin, West Berlin, West Berlin-Baghdad Railway Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies Berlin-Brandenburg Film Commission Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies Berlin-Brandenburger Kick-Box-Union e.V. Berlin-Brandenburger Phila-Depesche Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Berlin-Hannoversche Hypothekenbank AG Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park Berlin-Potsdam-Magdeburger Eisenbahn Berlin-Potsdamer Ringbahnhof

Berlin, Congress of

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