Bert, Paul

(born Oct. 17, 1833, Auxerre, Yonne, France—died Nov. 11, 1886, Hanoi) French physiologist, founder of modern aerospace medicine. He taught for many years at the Sorbonne and served as a deputy in the government from 1872–86. His research on the effects of air pressure on the body helped make possible the exploration of space and the ocean depths. Bert found the main cause of altitude sickness to be low atmospheric oxygen content and showed decompression sickness to be due to nitrogen bubbles formed in the blood during rapid drops in external pressure.

Bert, Paul

Born Oct. 19, 1833, in Auxerre, Yonne; died Nov. 11, 1886, in Hanoi. French naturalist and physician. Member of the Institute of France (1881). Doctor of medicine (1863) and doctor of natural sciences (1866).

Bert was a student of and successor to C. Bernard in the physiology chair of the faculty of natural sciences at the Sorbonne (1869). He was the founder of contemporary aviation and submarine medicine. His investigations in transplantation and the grafting of animal tissues were a valuable contribution to plastic surgery. In 1869, Bert published Lectures on the Comparative Physiology of Respiration. Bert’s classic work on barometric pressure (1878) remained unappreciated; only 30 years later did the English physiologist J. S. Haldane call Bert the father of the study of the influence of the barometric factor on the animal organism. Lectures on Zoology has been translated into Russian (1882; 4th ed., 1904).

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Bert, Paul

Bert, Paul

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