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buffalo soldier
(redirected from Black troops)

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buffalo soldier

Nickname given to members of African American cavalry regiments of the U.S. Army who served in the western U.S. (1867–96). An 1866 law authorized the army to form cavalry and infantry regiments of African American men under the command of white officers; the result was the 9th and 10th cavalries and the 38th through 41st infantries. The primary mission of the cavalry regiments was to control Indians on the western frontier (the nickname “buffalo” was given by the Indians). The soldiers took part in almost 200 engagements. Noted for their courage and discipline, they had the army's lowest desertion and court-martial rates. One of the 10th Cavalry's officers was John Pershing, whose nickname “Black Jack” reflected his advocacy on behalf of African American troops.



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A final horror transpired when the battle ended with the massacre of wounded or surrounding Black troops by the Rebels, and by some of their White comrades in arms.
In its August 20, 1864 issue, the Anglo-African, a newspaper whose correspondents tracked events in African American communities and black regiments in the South, carried a report on ceremonies held on August First in Alexandria, a Union-controlled Virginia city that was increasingly occupied by black troops and ex-slaves.
That Lincoln eventually became more progressive on a whole range of black civil rights issues--the abolition of slavery, the enlistment and compensation of black troops in the Union Army, even African colonization--was due, in no small measure, to the profound influence that African-American leaders had on him during his presidency.
 
 
 
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