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Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich
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   Also found in: Wikipedia, Hutchinson 0.04 sec.
Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich (yōhän` frē`drĭkh bl`mənbäkh), 1752–1840, German naturalist and anthropologist. He introduced and developed the science of comparative anatomy in Germany. His De generis humani varietate nativa (1775; tr. On the Natural Varieties of Mankind, 1865, repr. 1969) marked the beginnings of physical anthropology and described the five divisions of mankind which have been the basis of all subsequent racial classifications. Blumenbach's analysis of an extensive skull collection, published as Collectio craniorum diversarum gentium (1790–1828), established craniometric study. English translations of his works include The Anthropological Treatises of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1865, repr. 1969).


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Numerous people contributed to the theory of racial typology: Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, in On the Natural Variety of Mankind, provided the first system of racial classification in 1776, which was followed by Georges Cuvier's 1800 treatise on racial hierarchy.
He focuses on differences between Leonardo's Aristotelian embryological notion of compositio and the later "notion of predetermined types" that underlies the work of Lavater, Buffon, Blumenbach, and other major protagonists in the history of racial science.
 
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