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Bonus Army

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Bonus Army

World War I veterans who gathered in Washington, D.C., in summer 1932 to demand payment of their promised bonuses. More than 12,000 veterans and their families camped near the U.S. Capitol, urging support for a bill to force early payment of bonuses already voted by Congress. When the bill was defeated, most of the crowd returned home, but some angry protests caused local authorities to ask Pres. Herbert Hoover for federal assistance. Army troops led by Gen. Douglas MacArthur drove out the protesters and burned their camps. The resulting public outcry was a factor in Hoover's defeat in the 1932 election. Another group of veterans gathered in 1933, but Congress again rejected bonus legislation. In 1936 Congress finally enacted a bill that paid nearly $2 billion in veterans' benefits.
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On July 28, 1932, one of the saddest and most memorable days in the veterans' movement, General Douglas MacArthur led the federal troops that used tear gas to forcibly evict the Bonus Army from their huts along the Anacostia River.
Chapter 3: Bonus marchers & false economies by DAV Magazine
Walters later wrote that he expected no more than a few hundred to follow his lead, but by the time he arrived in the capital, the Bonus Army had swelled to an estimated 20,000, including hundreds of wives and children.
Veterans bonuses differed in our in two world wars by Telegram & Gazette (Worcester, MA)
The forgotten men of the Great Depression provided a hobohemia revival of sorts in the Bonus Army and especially in the Civilian Conservation Corps whose camps and white, masculine imagery replicated earlier hobo living.
Citizen Hobo: How a Century of Homelessness Shaped America by Baranski, John / Journal of Social History
 
 
 
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