Bosporus (redirected from Bosphorous)

Bosporus (bŏs`pərəs) [Gr.,=ox ford, in reference to the story of Io], Turk. Boğaziçi, strait, c.20 mi (30 km) long and c.2,100 ft (640 m) wide at its narrowest, separating European from Asian Turkey and joining the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara. Istanbul is on the Bosporus. At its narrowest point stand two famous castles: Anadolu Hisar (1390) on the Asian side and Rumeli Hisar (1452) on the European side. With the Dardanelles, the Bosporus connects the Black Sea with the Mediterranean; it is thought to have been a dry riverbed as recently as 7,600 years ago. The Bosporus Bridge, one of the world's longest suspension bridges (3,524 ft/1,074 m long; opened 1973) spans the strait at Istanbul. A second bridge was completed in 1988.

---

Bosporus

 Turkish Karadeniz Bogazi

Strait separating the European and Asian portions of Turkey. Connecting the Sea of Marmara with the Black Sea, it is 19 mi (31 km) long and 2.3 mi (3.7 km) at its widest. Bosporus literally means “ox ford”; it is traditionally connected with the legendary figure of Io, who in the form of a heifer crossed the Thracian Bosporus in her wanderings. Because of its strategic importance for the defense of Constantinople (modern Istanbul), which straddled its southern end, the Byzantine emperors and later the Ottoman sultans constructed fortifications along its shores. With the growing influence of the European powers in the 19th century, rules were codified governing the transit of vessels through the strait. An international commission assumed control of it after World War I; Turkey resumed control in 1936. Two of the world's longest bridges, completed in 1973 and 1988, span the strait and link the two sections of Istanbul; in 2004 construction began on a rail tunnel beneath it.

---

Bosporus, Bosphorus

the. a strait between European and Asian Turkey, linking the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara

---

bosporus [′bäs·pə·rəs]

(geography)

A strait connecting two seas or a lake and a sea.

---

Bosporus 

(in Turkish, Karadeniz Boğazi; in Greek, Bósporos), a strait between Europe and the Asia Minor peninsula, connecting the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara. It is approximately 30 km long and 750 m to 3.7 km wide. It is an ancient river basin, submerged by the sea during the anthropogenic period. The shores are high and steep. There are convenient natural harbors; the best of these is the Golden Horn on the European shore, near the entrance of the Sea of Marmara. Here and on the opposite Asian shore, the city of Istanbul is located. The shallowest depth in the navigational channel is 33 m, and the greatest goes up to 80 m. The surface current in the Bosporus flows from north to south, transporting on the average 325 cubic (cu; km saline (18%o) Black Sea water annually; the subsurface current, approximately 175 cu km of saline water (38°/°°), flows from south to north, from the Sea of Marmara into the Black Sea. The water exchange in the Bosporus was first studied by the Russian oceanographer S. O. Makarov in 1881 and 1882.