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Caldera Rodríguez, Rafael

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Caldera Rodríguez, Rafael (räfäĕl` käldā`rä rôthrē`gās), 1916–, president of Venezuela (1969–74, 1994–99). A lawyer and professor of sociology, he was first elected to the chamber of deputies in 1941 and was a founder of the center-right Social Christian party in 1946. He was imprisoned several times during the dictatorial regime of Marcos Pérez Jiménez Pérez Jiménez, Marcos , 1914–2001, president of Venezuela (1952–58). As an army captain he took part in the coup that installed (1945) the Democratic Action party in power, but he subsequently objected to its leftist reforms and was a member
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, which he opposed. After the dictator's overthrow, Caldera ran (1958) unsuccessfully for the presidency; he served instead as president of the chamber of deputies. In the elections of Dec., 1969, he won the presidency with barely 30% of the vote. Faced with an uncooperative congress, he had difficulty in getting legislation passed. He was awarded a life seat in the senate at the end of his term but was again elected president, this time as the candidate of the National Convergence party, when Carlos Andrés Pérez Pérez Rodríguez, Carlos Andrés , 1922–, president of Venezuela (1974–78, 1989–93). An aide to President Rómulo Betancourt, he was secretary of the interior in Betancourt's second administration (1959–64).
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 was removed from office on corruption charges in 1993.


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