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chloramphenicol

   Also found in: Dictionary/thesaurus, Medical, Wikipedia, Hutchinson 0.03 sec.
chloramphenicol (klōr'ămfĕn`əkŏl'), antibiotic antibiotic, any of a variety of substances, usually obtained from microorganisms, that inhibit the growth of or destroy certain other microorganisms.

Types of Antibiotics


..... Click the link for more information.  effective against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (see Gram's stain Gram's stain, laboratory staining technique that distinguishes between two groups of bacteria by the identification of differences in the structure of their cell walls.
..... Click the link for more information. ). It was originally isolated from a species of Streptomyces bacteria. Chloramphenicol's antibiotic activity results from its interference with protein synthesis in invading microbes. However, it is a very toxic substance, its most serious and potentially lethal effect being depression of red blood cell production in bone marrow Bone marrow transplantation is a technique that infuses healthy bone marrow into a patient whose bone marrow is defective. The transplant can be autologous, consisting of bone marrow removed from the patient, treated, and then reinserted, or it can be allogeneic, consisting of
..... Click the link for more information. ; cases of leukemia were also attributed to early use of chloramphenicol. Because of its toxicity, chloramphenicol is rarely prescribed for infections that can be treated by other antibiotics. It is used as an alternative therapy to treat typhoid fever, some forms of meningitis, and rickettsial infections such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus. Chloramphenicol is commonly used in biological research to study protein synthesis. Chloromycetin is a trade name for chloramphenicol.
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40,41) There are no conclusive data on CSF sterilization with ampicillin plus chloramphenicol or with other antibiotics that have been studied.
Do corticosteroids prevent hearing loss in pediatric bacterial ... by Johnson, Romaine / Ear, Nose and Throat Journal
Typhimurium isolates were identified as DT104, and all had a pentavalent resistance pattern (resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline) (3).
Salmonella typhimurium DT104, Italy by Luzzi, Ida / Emerging Infectious Diseases
There has been less concern, internationally or nationally, over the potential public health risks associated with residues of growth promoters in meat products, although the discovery of chloramphenicol in Asian shrimp in 2002 resulted in a requirement that all shrimp be tested before sale in the EU (Delegation of the European Commission to Thailand 2002).
Arsenic in food by Silbergeld, Ellen K. / Environmental Health Perspectives
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