Christian IV, 1577–1648, king of Denmark and Norway (1588–1648), son and successor of Frederick II. After assuming (1596) personal rule from a regency, he concentrated on building the navy, industry, and commerce. He rebuilt Oslo Oslo , city (1995 pop. 482,555), capital of Norway, of Akershus co., and of Oslo co. (175 sq mi/453 sq km), SE Norway, at the head of the Oslofjord (a deep inlet of the Skagerrak).
..... Click the link for more information. and renamed it Christiania. Aroused when Charles IX Charles IX, 1550–1611, king of Sweden (1604–11), youngest son of Gustavus I. He was duke of Södermanland, Närke, and Värmland before his accession.
..... Click the link for more information. of Sweden asserted authority over Lapland, he made war on Sweden (the so-called Kalmar War, 1611–13) and largely dictated the peace. In the Thirty Years War Thirty Years War, 1618–48, general European war fought mainly in Germany. General Character of the War
There were many territorial, dynastic, and religious issues that figured in the outbreak and conduct of the war.
..... Click the link for more information. , urged on by England, France, and the Netherlands, he invaded (1625) Germany to defend Protestantism. Defeated (1626) by Tilly Tilly, Johannes Tserklaes, count of , 1559–1632, general in Bavarian and later imperial service during the Thirty Years War. A younger son of a noble family of Brabant, he served under Duke Alessandro Farnese and against the Turks before entering the service of
..... Click the link for more information. at Lutter, he was driven back in 1627. Schleswig, Holstein, and Jutland were overrun and plundered; Stralsund was besieged by the imperial troops under Wallenstein Wallenstein or Waldstein, Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von , 1583–1634, imperial general in the Thirty Years War, b. Bohemia.
..... Click the link for more information. . Christian, with the help of Gustavus II of Sweden, raised the siege of Stralsund, but in 1629 he signed with Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II a separate peace that was lenient to Denmark. His anti-Swedish policy brought on a war with Sweden (1643–45) in which Christian lost the Norwegian provinces of Jamtland and Harjedalen. His son Frederick III succeeded him.
(born April 12, 1577, Frederiksborg Castle, Hillerød, Den.—died Feb. 28, 1648, Copenhagen) King of Denmark and Norway (1588–1648). He succeeded to the throne on the death of his father, Frederick II, but a regency ruled until 1596. After his coronation he succeeded in limiting the powers of the Rigsråd (state council). He led two unsuccessful wars against Sweden and brought disaster to his country by leading it into the Thirty Years' War. He was eventually forced to accept the increased power of the nobility, which had long opposed his warlike policies. However, he energetically promoted trade and shipping, was a great builder and founder of cities, left a national heritage of fine buildings, and was considered one of the most popular of Danish kings.
Christian IV
..... Click the link for more information. and renamed it Christiania. Aroused when Charles IX Charles IX, 1550–1611, king of Sweden (1604–11), youngest son of Gustavus I. He was duke of Södermanland, Närke, and Värmland before his accession.
..... Click the link for more information. of Sweden asserted authority over Lapland, he made war on Sweden (the so-called Kalmar War, 1611–13) and largely dictated the peace. In the Thirty Years War Thirty Years War, 1618–48, general European war fought mainly in Germany. General Character of the War
There were many territorial, dynastic, and religious issues that figured in the outbreak and conduct of the war.
..... Click the link for more information. , urged on by England, France, and the Netherlands, he invaded (1625) Germany to defend Protestantism. Defeated (1626) by Tilly Tilly, Johannes Tserklaes, count of , 1559–1632, general in Bavarian and later imperial service during the Thirty Years War. A younger son of a noble family of Brabant, he served under Duke Alessandro Farnese and against the Turks before entering the service of
..... Click the link for more information. at Lutter, he was driven back in 1627. Schleswig, Holstein, and Jutland were overrun and plundered; Stralsund was besieged by the imperial troops under Wallenstein Wallenstein or Waldstein, Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von , 1583–1634, imperial general in the Thirty Years War, b. Bohemia.
..... Click the link for more information. . Christian, with the help of Gustavus II of Sweden, raised the siege of Stralsund, but in 1629 he signed with Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II a separate peace that was lenient to Denmark. His anti-Swedish policy brought on a war with Sweden (1643–45) in which Christian lost the Norwegian provinces of Jamtland and Harjedalen. His son Frederick III succeeded him.
Christian IV
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Christian IV, detail of an oil painting by Pieter Isaacsz, 1612; in Frederiksborg Castle, Denmark
(credit: Courtesy of Det Nationalhistoriske Museum på Frederiksborg, Den.)
Christian IV
1577--1648, king of Denmark and Norway (1588--1648): defeated in the Thirty Years' War (1629) and by Sweden (1645)
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