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Chromatid |
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chromatid (krō`mətəd): see chromosome chromosome , structural carrier of hereditary characteristics, found in the nucleus of every cell and so named for its readiness to absorb dyes. The term chromosome
..... Click the link for more information. ; crossing over crossing over, process in genetics by which the two chromosomes of a homologous pair exchange equal segments with each other. Crossing over occurs in the first division of meiosis. At that stage each chromosome has replicated into two strands called sister chromatids. ..... Click the link for more information. . chromatid [′krō·mə·təd] (cell and molecular biology) One of the pair of strands formed by longitudinal splitting of a chromosome which are joined by a single centromere in somatic cells during mitosis. One of a tetrad of strands formed by longitudinal splitting of paired chromosomes during diplotene of meiosis. Chromatid one of the components of a chromosome, formed in the nucleus during the interphase of the cell nucleus as a result of the chromosome’s duplication. In mitosis, each chromosome consists of two chromatids; after separating into the daughter nuclei, each chromatid becomes an independent chromosome. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes come together in pairs to make up a four-chromatid structure, or tetrad. According to the single-chain chromosome model, each chromatid contains in cross section a single tightly coiled and condensed double-strand molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In the multichain chromosome model, it is assumed that each chromatid contains in cross section several DNA molecules, in which case various types of chromatids are distinguished, such as semichromatids and quarter-chromatids. Most experiments have confirmed the single-chain model. I. I. KIKNADZE Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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