Claude, Albert

Claude, Albert (1898–1983) cell biologist; born in Longlier, Belgium (to American citizens). He performed cellular research in Europe (1928–29), then joined the Rockefeller Institute (now Rockefeller University) (1929–72). A citizen of both Belgium and the U.S.A., he concurrently directed the Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels (1948–72), and was a professor at the Université Libre, Brussels (1948–69). Claude is considered the founder of modern cell biology, and shared the 1974 Nobel Prize in physiology for his many pioneering contributions. He devised the differential centrifugation technique to separate cell components, identified the Rous sarcoma virus from chicken tumors as an RNA virus, discovered the cell organelles known as mitochondria and also the endoplasmic recticulum, and was the first to use electron microscopy in cellular research.

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Claude, Albert 

Born Aug. 23, 1899, in Longlier. Belgian biologist and cytologist.

Claude, a graduate of the University of Liège, joined the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in 1929. From 1949 to 1971 he was director of the Jules Bordet Institute in Brussels, becoming head of the laboratory of cellular biology and cancer there in 1970.

Claude’s chief works have dealt with the ultrastructure of the cell. Claude developed a method of differential centrifuging that makes it possible to separate out and study subcellular structures in the form of distinct fractions known as microsomes. In 1974, Claude shared a Nobel Prize with G. Palade and C. de Duve.