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commensalism |
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commensalism (kəmĕn`səlĭz'əm), relationship between members of two different species of organisms in which one individual is usually only slightly benefited, while the other member is not affected at all by the relationship. For example, some flatworms live attached to the gills of the horseshoe crab, obtaining bits of food from the crab's meals; the crab is apparently unaffected. In many cases commensalism cannot be distinguished from parasitism (see parasite parasite, plant or animal that at some stage of its existence obtains its nourishment from another living organism called the host. Parasites may or may not harm the host, but they never benefit it. ..... Click the link for more information. ). See also competition competition, in biology, relationship between members of the same or different species in which individuals are adversely affected by those having the same living requirements, such as food or space. Intraspecific competition, i.e. ..... Click the link for more information. ; symbiosis symbiosis (sĭmbēō`sĭs), the habitual living together of organisms of different species. ..... Click the link for more information. . commensalism [kə′men·sə‚liz·əm] (ecology) An interspecific, symbiotic relationship in which two different species are associated, wherein one is benefited and the other neither benefited nor harmed. How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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In fact, high resistance rates have often been reported in surveillance studies dealing with clinical isolates (1,4,5) and in prevalence studies of commensal bacteria taken as indicators to estimate spread of acquired resistance (6-15). The use of antibiotics for nontherapeutic purposes such as growth promotion has been shown to select for resistance to high concentrations of antibiotics in both pathogenic and commensal bacteria in swine (Aarestrup et al. SIGA's lead product development programs focus on biological warfare defense, mucosal vaccines for strep throat and sexually transmitted diseases, commensal bacteria for the delivery of vaccines and protein therapeutics and novel antibiotics for gram positive and gram negative bacteria. |
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