Cournand, André F.

Cournand, André F. (Frederic) (1895–1988) physician; born in Paris, France. He served in the French army (1915–19), received his M.D. degree, then emigrated to the U.S.A. (1930) and joined the staff of Columbia University/Bellevue Hospital (1930–64). A specialist in cardiac surgery, he shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine with his collaborator Dickinson Richards and German physician Werner Forssmann for developing the technique of cardiac catheterization. Cournand later expanded his work to include research on the lungs. After 1964, he trained physicians for research in his field and developed educational programs on the history and social responsibility of science.