Ruby (redirected from Created ruby)

ruby, precious stone, the transparent red variety of corundum, found chiefly in Myanmar, Thailand, and Sri Lanka and classified among the most valuable of gems. The Myanmarese stones are blood red, the most valued tint being the "pigeon's blood." The Thai stones are darker and the Sri Lankan stones lighter than the Myanmarese specimens. Star rubies, i.e., those that show an internal star-shaped formation when cut in cabochon (with a rounded top), are rare. Synthetic rubies are manufactured by the fusion of pure aluminum oxide. Chromium oxide is added to provide the appropriate color.

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ruby

Gemstone composed of transparent red corundum. Its colour varies from deep to pale red, in some cases with a tinge of purple, depending on chromium and iron content; the most valued is a pigeon-blood red. When it is cut and polished, ruby is a brilliant (light-deflecting) stone, but it lacks fire (flashes of colour). Ruby is a mineral of very limited distribution. Its best-known source is in Myanmar, and rubies have also been found in Thailand, Sri Lanka, and elsewhere. Rubies have been produced synthetically with much success; those containing 2.5% chromic oxide have the prized pigeon-blood red colour.

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Ruby

An interpreted, object-oriented programming language that is somewhat similar to Perl in syntax. Everything in Ruby, including primitive elements, are objects. Ruby programs and libraries are distributed in Ruby's "gem" format using the RubyGems package manager.

JRuby is a Ruby implementation written in Java, eRuby is an embedded version, and Ruby on Rails (RoR) is an open source Web application framework based on Ruby.

Rubies and Pearls
Written by Yukihiro Matsumoto and introduced in 1995, Ruby was named after the July birthstone that followed the Pearl birthstone of June. The design goal for Ruby was to create a language that was more intuitive for the programmer than previous languages. For more information, visit www.ruby-lang.org.

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ruby

1. a deep red transparent precious variety of corundum: occurs naturally in Myanmar and Sri Lanka but is also synthesized. It is used as a gemstone, in lasers, and for bearings and rollers in watchmaking. Formula: Al₂O₃

2. the deep-red colour of a ruby

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ruby [′rü·bē]

(mineralogy)

The red variety of the mineral corundum; in its finest quality, the most valuable of gemstones.

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ruby

July. [Am. Gem Symbolism: Kunz, 319–320]

See : Birthstones

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ruby

represents intensity of feeling; July birthstone. [Gem Symbolism: Kunz, 28, 319]

See : Passion, Sensual

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(language)

Ruby - 1. A relational language designed by Jones and M. Sheeran in 1986 for describing and designing circuits (a hardware description language). Ruby programs denote binary relations and programs are built-up inductively from primitive relations using a pre-defined set of relational operators. Ruby programs also have a geometric interpretation as networks of primitive relations connected by wires, which is important when layout is considered in circuit design. Ruby has been continually developed since 1986, and has been used to design many different kinds of circuits, including systolic arrays, butterfly networks and arithmetic circuits. ftp://ftp.cs.chalmers.se/pub/misc/ruby/. E-mail: <graham@cs.chalmers.se>. ["Ruby - A Language of Relations and Higher-Order Functions", M. Sheeran, Proc 3rd Banff Workshop on Hardware Verification, Springer 1990].

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Ruby

(Late Latin rubinus, from the Latin rubeus, “red”), a variety of the mineral corundum (Al₂O₃) distinguished by the replacement of Al³⁺ ions by Cr³⁺ ions (from hundredths of a percent to 2 percent). The quantum transitions between the energy levels of the Cr³⁺ ions split by the crystal field give rise to the ruby’s red color (in contrast to the lack of color of corundum). The laser emission of ruby in the red part of the visible spectrum is related to the transitions between various levels of the Cr³⁺ ions, while the action of ruby as a quantum mechanical amplifier of radio waves (maser) is related to transitions between spin states.

The ruby is a precious stone of order I. In the USSR, rubies occur in alluvial deposits in the Central and Southern Urals. Outside the Soviet Union, there are important industrial deposits in Burma, Thailand, and Sri Lanka.

Synthetic rubies, obtained by the same process as that used for corundum (but with the addition of Cr₂O₃), are used in the jewelry and watchmaking industries. They also find use in quantum electronics as the active element of the maser and of the most common solid-state laser, which gives record energies and powers as well as giant pulses.

REFERENCES

Mineraly: Spravochnik, vol. 2. Moscow, 1965.
Rubinisapfir. Moscow, 1974.

A. S. MARFUNIN