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Critical Temperature |
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critical temperature [′krid·ə·kəl ′tem·prə·chər]
(agriculture) The temperature below which a plant cannot grow. (physical chemistry) The temperature of the liquid-vapor critical point, that is, the temperature above which the substance has no liquid-vapor transition. SymbolizedTc. critical temperature 1. The temperature at which a steel structure cannot carry the service load for which it was designed because of softening of the steel that occurs when it is heated significantly. 2. Same as self-ignition temperature. Critical Temperature (1) The temperature of a substance in its critical state. For single substances the critical temperature is defined as the temperature at which the physical properties of the liquid and the vapor in equilibrium become identical. At the critical temperature the density of the saturated vapor and the liquid become identical, the interface between them disappears, and the heat of vaporization becomes zero. The critical temperature is one of the constants of a substance. (For the value of the critical temperature Tc for some substances, see.) In binary systems (for example, propane-isopentane) the fluid-vapor equilibrium has no single critical temperature but rather a spatial critical curve for which the terminal points are the critical temperatures of the pure components. (2) The temperature in fluid mixtures having components of limited solubility at which the mutual solubility becomes unlimited; it is called the critical solution temperature. (3) The transition temperature of a number of conductors into the superconducting state. It has been measured for a large number of metals, alloys, and chemical compounds. In pure metals the lowest critical temperature occurs in titanium (0.37°K) and the highest in technetium (11.2°K). A very high value has been found in the compound Nb3Ge (Tc ≈ 23°K). Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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