Dartmouth College Case, decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1819. The legislature of New Hampshire, in 1816, without the consent of the college trustees, amended the charter of 1769 to make Dartmouth College public. The trustees brought suit. Daniel Webster argued successfully that the amendment violated the Constitution because the state had impaired "the obligation of a contract." The opinion of the court, delivered by Chief Justice John Marshall, was that a charter was in effect inviolable. The decision made the contract clause of the Constitution a powerful instrument for the judicial protection of property rights against state abridgment. In 1837, Chief Justice Taney Taney, Roger Brooke (tô`nē), 1777–1864, American jurist, fifth Chief Justice of the United States (1836–64), b.
..... Click the link for more information. , while not challenging the basic principle, ruled in the Charles River Bridge Case Charles River Bridge Case, decided in 1837 by the U.S. Supreme Court. The Charles River Bridge Company had been granted (1785) a charter by the state of Massachusetts to operate a toll bridge.
..... Click the link for more information. that a legislative charter must be construed narrowly and a corporation could claim no implied rights beyond the specific terms of a grant.

Dartmouth College case

formally Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Case in which the U.S. Supreme Court held (1819) that the charter of Dartmouth College, granted in 1769 by King George III, was a contract and as such could not be impaired by the New Hampshire legislature. State legislators had tried to alter the contract's terms regarding the continuance of the board of trustees, an effort rejected by the court. The decision was far-reaching in its application to business charters, protecting businesses and corporations from much government regulation. Dartmouth's case was argued by Daniel Webster.