DS (redirected from Doctor of Science)

Ds, symbol for the element darmstadtium.

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Democrats of the Left (DS)

 formerly (1921–91) Italian Communist Party (1991–98) Democratic Party of the Left

Former Italian political party. Founded as the Partito Comunista Italiano (PCI) in 1921 by dissidents of the Italian Socialist Party's left wing, it was outlawed with other political parties by Benito Mussolini's fascist government in 1926 and went underground. It participated in the Italian Resistance in World War II. After the war it joined in coalition governments and was consistently successful at the polls. In 1956 Palmiro Togliatti tried to dissociate the PCI from the Soviet Union. Enrico Berlinguer, as party leader from 1972 to 1984, became the leading proponent of Eurocommunism. In order to consolidate left-wing forces and broaden its base, the party changed its name to Democratic Party of the Left in 1991; it became one of Italy's largest political parties and western Europe's largest communist party. In 1998 it renamed itself Democrats of the Left. In 2007 the party was subsumed by the new centre-left Democratic Party.

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DS

(Digital Signal) A classification of digital circuits. The DS technically refers to the rate and format of the signal, while the T designation refers to the equipment providing the signals. In practice, "DS" and "T" are used synonymously; for example, DS1 and T1, DS3 and T3. See OC.

   NORTH AMERICA, JAPAN, KOREA, ETC.

            Voice
   Service  Channels   Speed
   DS0         1            64 Kbps
   DS1        24         1.544 Mbps  (T1)
   DS1C       48         3.152 Mbps  (T1C)
   DS2        96         6.312 Mbps  (T2)
   DS3       672        44.736 Mbps  (T3)
   DS4      4032       274.176 Mbps  (T4)


   EUROPE (ITU)

            Voice
   Service  Channels   Speed (Mbps)
   E1         30         2.048
   E2        120         8.448
   E3        480        34.368
   E4       1920       139.264
   E5       7680       565.148


   SONET CIRCUITS

   Service          Speed (Mbps)
   STS-1   OC1       51.84 (28 DS1s or 1 DS3)
   STS-3   OC3      155.52 (3 STS-1s)
   STS-3c  OC3c     155.52 (concatenated)
   STS-12  OC12     622.08 (12 STS-1s, 4 STS-3s)
   STS-12c OC12c    622.08 (12 STS-1s, 4 STS-3c's)
   STS-48  OC48    2488.32 (48 STS-1s, 16 STS-3s)

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DS

(engineering)

Doppler sonar