Druse

Druse: see Druze.

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Druze

 or Druse

Relatively small Middle Eastern religious sect. It originated in Egypt in 1017 and is named for one of its founders, Muhammad al-Darazi (d. 1019/20). Strictly monotheistic and based in Islam, particularly Isma'ili Islam, Druze beliefs include an eclectic mixture of elements from Gnosticism, Neoplatonism, Judaism, and Iranian religion. The Druze believe in the divinity of al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (985–1021?), sixth caliph of the Fatimid dynasty of Egypt, and expect him to return someday to inaugurate a golden age. The Druze are divided hierachically into two orders—the sages, who are fully initiated in the beliefs of the religion, and the ignorant, who constitute the uninitiated lay majority. They permit no converts, either to or from their religion, and no intermarriage. Their religious system is kept secret from the outside world, and they are permitted to deny their faith if their life is in danger. In the early 21st century they numbered about one million, mostly in Syria and Lebanon.

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druse [drüz]

(geology)

A small cavity in a rock or vein encrusted with aggregates of crystals of the same minerals which commonly constitute the enclosing rock.

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Druse 

(1) A form of natural crystalline mineral aggregate. It is an accumulation of free crystals that have grown from one end (crystal face or edge) on the walls of cracks or closed cavities in rocks. The free part of the crystals is well defined, with the main direction of growth close to the perpendicular of the growth surface. Druses of quartz, amethyst, calcite, and stibnite often occur.

(2) In plants, an inclusion of calcium oxalate crystals that form in the cells of many plants during their life processes (for example, in the stems of the linden and in the stalks of begonia and dock leaves).