Egas Moniz, Antonio Caetano de Arbreau Freire

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Egas Moniz, Antônio Caetano de Arbreau Freire

Born Nov. 29, 1874, in Avanca; died Dec. 13, 1955, in Lisbon. Portuguese neuropathologist and neurosurgeon.

Egas Moniz studied at the universities of Coimbra and Bordeaux. From 1902 he was a professor at the University of Coimbra and from 1911 to 1944 he held the chair of neurology at the University of Lisbon. Egas Moniz’ principal work was concerned with perfecting a method of angiography for detecting brain tumors. He was the first to use surgical intervention in treating certain mental diseases, elaborating in 1936 a method of prefrontal lobotomy (incision of the white matter of the forebrain); for this work he (with W. Hess) received the Nobel Prize in 1949.

Egas Moniz invented a number of devices and instruments for the diagnosis and surgical treatment of brain diseases, and also wrote textbooks on neurology, arteriography, and other related subjects.

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