Granada (redirected from Elibyrge)

Granada, city, Nicaragua

Granada (gränä`thä), city (1995 pop. 74,396), W Nicaragua, on Lake Nicaragua. It is Nicaragua's third largest city and the center of commerce on Lake Nicaragua. Located in a rich agricultural region, Granada has been the stronghold of Nicaragua's landed aristocracy; manufactures include furniture, soap, and clothing. Granada was founded in 1524 by Francisco Fernández de Córdoba. In the 17th cent., it was the object of repeated raids by French and English pirates. After independence from Spain (1821), Granada became the conservative center, engaging in bloody rivalry with León, the city of the liberals. The struggle led to the capital's transfer to Managua (1855). Granada was captured (1855) by the filibuster William Walker.

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Granada, city, Spain

Granada, city (1990 pop. 268,674), capital of Granada prov., S Spain, in Andalusia, at the confluence of the Darro and Genil rivers. Formerly (17th cent.) a silk center, Granada is now a trade and processing point for an agricultural area that is also rich in minerals. Beautifully situated at the foot of the Sierra Nevada, the city also is a major tourist center, attractive because of its art treasures and rich history. Ski resorts in the nearby mountains also bring many visitors to the area.

Located in Granada is the famous Alhambra, an old Moorish citadel and royal palace, which dominates the city and the old Muslim quarter from a hill; on the same hill is the palace of Emperor Charles V. The Palacio del Generalife, summer residence of the Moorish rulers, has celebrated gardens. Christian edifices include a 16th-century cathedral, in late Gothic and plateresque style; the adjoining royal chapel, containing the tombs of Ferdinand and Isabella; and a Carthusian monastery (16th cent.). There is also a museum dedicated to the poet and dramatist Federico García Lorca. Across the Darro River and facing the Alhambra is the Sacromonte hill, honeycombed with Gypsy caves.

Granada was originally a Moorish fortress and rose to prominence during the Almoravid and Almohad dynasties. In 1238 it became the seat of the kingdom of

Granada, last refuge of the Moors whom the Christian reconquest had driven south; the kingdom occupied the present provinces of Almería and Málaga and parts of Jaén and Cádiz. The concentration of Moorish civilization in Granada gave the city great splendor and made it a center of commerce, industry, art, and science. However, the kingdom was weakened by continuous feuds among noble families, notably the Zegris and the Abencerages, and was conquered by Ferdinand II and Isabella I during the reign of Boabdil (Muhammad XI). With the surrender (Jan., 1492) of the city of Granada, the Moors lost their last hold in Spain, and the kingdom was united with Castile. The city became an archiepiscopal see and, in 1531, the seat of a university.

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Granada

City (pop., 2001: 240,661), capital of Granada province, Andalusia autonomous community, southern Spain. Located at the northwestern slope of the Sierra Nevada, it was the site of the Iberian settlement Elibyrge in the 5th century BC and of the Roman Illiberis. As the seat of the Moorish kingdom of Granada, it was the final stronghold of the Moors in Spain, falling to Roman Catholic monarchs Ferdinand II and Isabella I in 1492. Nearby is the Alhambra, as well as the Alcazaba fortress that guarded it. The city has fine Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical architecture and is a major tourist centre. It has been the see of an archbishop since 1493; the University of Granada was founded in 1526.

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Granada

1. a former kingdom of S Spain, in Andalusia: founded in the 13th century and divided in 1833 into the present-day provinces of Granada, Almer?a, and M?laga, in Andalusia

2. a city in S Spain, in Andalusia: capital of the Moorish kingdom of Granada from 1238 to 1492 and a great commercial and cultural centre, containing the Alhambra palace (13th and 14th centuries); university (1531). Pop.: 237 663 (2003 est.)

3. a city in SW Nicaragua, on the NW shore of Lake Nicaragua: the oldest city in the country, founded in 1523 by C?rdoba; attacked frequently by pirates in the 17th century. Pop.: 95 000 (2005 est.)

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Granada 

a city in southern Spain, in Andalusia, on the northwest slope of the Sierra Nevada at the confluence of the Genii and Darro rivers. Administrative center of the province of Granada. Population 170,100 (1969). Granada is a transport junction and the center of the region of irrigation agriculture in the intermontane depression called the Vega Granada. Its industry is connected with the refining of agricultural products. Liqueurs, linen and wool cloth, and carpets are produced there. Granada has cement and chemical plants. It is one of the country’s major centers of tourism, with numerous hotels and commercial institutions.

The early history of the city and the origin of the name Granada are open to dispute. Granada (Arabic, garnatha) acquired importance only in the 11th century, when it became the residence of a lateral branch of the Zirids (1012–90). During 1090–1156. Granada was in the hands of the Almoravides; it later came under the rule of the Almohades. In 1238 it became the capital of the emirate of Granada (of the Nasrid dynasty), the last Arab state on Spanish territory. In the 13th century Granada was one of the most flourishing cities of the Iberian Peninsula, a large center of silk-producing and arms-making, and a city that carried on lively trade with the Arab countries. This was aided to a significant extent by the continuous influx of Muslims from regions reconquered from the Arabs in the course of the Reconquista. In 1492, unable to withstand a prolonged siege by Castilian forces. Granada fell, and the emirate of Granada ceased to exist. After the mass deportation (1568–70, 1609–10) of the Moriscos, who were experienced silk-growers and skillful craftsmen, and the rupture of Granada’s traditional commercial ties with the East, the city gradually fell into decline. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the industrial importance of Granada revived. During the Civil War of 1936–39, Granada was a base of the fascist rebels.

The medieval center of Granada, with its crooked streets, was partially restored in the early 20th century; there is new construction to the northwest. Architectural monuments include the remains of Arab fortifications, houses in the Mudejar style, the Cathedral (1523–1703; architects, E. de Egas and others), the church of San Juan de los Reyes (c. 1520; architect. R. Hernandez) with a 13th-century bell tower, the church of Santa Ana (1537–63; architect, D. de Siloé), the Monastery of La Cartuja (16th-18th centuries), and the exchange (“Lonja,” 1518–22; architect, J. G. de Pradez). On the outskirts of the city are cave dwellings inhabited by the poor. The palace of the Casa de Castril (1539) contains a museum of fine arts and archaeology; on the eastern edge of the city are the palace buildings of the Alhambra.

REFERENCE

Schonberg, J. L. Grenade et le miracle andalou. Paris. 1957.

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Granada 

a city in southwestern Nicaragua; the administrative center of the department of Granada. Population, 40,000 (1968). It is a port on the northwestern shore of Lake Nicaragua and is linked with the capital by railroad and highway. The city is the commercial center of an agricultural region producing coffee and sugarcane. It is the site of a vegetable-oil plant (owned by a US company) and a sugar refinery. Granada was founded in 1524.