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enclosure movement

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enclosure movement

Division or consolidation of communal lands in Western Europe into the carefully delineated and individually owned farm plots of modern times. Before enclosure, farmland was under the control of individual cultivators only during the growing season; after harvest and before the next growing season, the land was used by the community for the grazing of livestock and other purposes. In England the movement for enclosure began in the 12th century and proceeded rapidly from 1450 to 1640; the process was virtually complete by the end of the 19th century. In the rest of Europe, enclosure made little progress until the 19th century. Common rights over arable land have now been largely eliminated.



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00 Hardcover T58 According to the author, an oppositional discourse has emerged within the fields of law and public policy, concerning the privatization, or "enclosure," of ideas--analogous to the land enclosure movement in 16th century England--and the expansion of intellectual property rights, resulting in the "fencing off" of the intellectual commons.
41) The crystallization of these norms in WTO jurisprudence has led to what one scholar calls "the international enclosure movement," in which the erection of legal pillars on immutable trade norms and principles within a global civilization is driven by economic and corporate forces with less emphasis on protection of public goods and social policy in developing countries.
Distributists have sometimes pointed to the enclosure movement as an important example of large landowners' use of state power to dispossess others of their property and rights and thereby to contribute to this unhappy outcome.
 
 
 
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