Enver Pasha

Enver Pasha (ĕnvĕr` päshä`), 1881–1922, Turkish general and political leader. He took a prominent part in the Young Turk revolution of 1908, which reestablished the liberal constitution of 1876. By a coup in 1913, Enver Pasha became the virtual dictator. He fought in the Turko-Italian War (1911–12) in Libya and in the Balkan Wars (1912–13). Dissatisfied with the loss of Turkish territory in the Balkan Wars, he helped bring Turkey into World War I as a German ally. When Turkey signed an armistice, he fled to Berlin. Enver Pasha was killed while leading an anti-Soviet expedition in Bukhara; his remains were returned from Tajikistan to his homeland in 1996.

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Enver Pasha

(born Nov. 22, 1881, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire—died Aug. 4, 1922, Baldzhuan, Turkistan) Soldier and politician in the Ottoman Empire. He was one of the Young Turks who deposed the Ottoman sultan Abdülhamid II in 1908. He later served as governor of Banghazi, Libya (1912), chief of staff of the Ottoman army in the Second Balkan War (1913), and minister of war during World War I (1914–18). A rival of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in the postwar period, he unsuccessfully sought Soviet help to overthrow him (1920). The Soviets permitted him to help organize the Turkic and Muslim Central Asian republics, but he joined Basmachi rebels against the Soviet Union and was killed fighting the Red Army.

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Enver Pasha

1881--1922, Turkish soldier and leader of the Young Turks: minister of war (1914--18)

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Enver Pasha 

Born Nov. 22, 1881, in Istanbul; died Aug. 4, 1922, near Bal’dzhuan. Turkish military and political figure. Participant in the Young Turk Revolution of 1908 and a leader of the Young Turks’ party, the Committee of Union and Progress.

Enver graduated from the Academy of the General Staff in Istanbul in 1903. In January 1913 he carried out a coup d’etat that brought down the government of the Liberal Union, a feudalcompradorist party, and formed an unofficial triumvirate with Talaat Pasha and Jemal Pasha that became the governing power in Turkey. Enver, one of the principal figures dedicated to the ideology of Pan-Turkism and Pan-Islam, initiated a military alliance with Germany and led Turkey into World War I. During the war he held the supreme military post of deputy commander in chief; the sultan was formally the commander in chief.

Enver and Talaat were the two men most responsible for the mass slaughter of the Armenian people. In September 1918, on Enver’s orders, Turkish forces intervened in the Caucasus in violation of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918) and captured Baku. After Turkey signed the Moudhros Armistice of 1918, Enver fled to Germany and later to Soviet Russia. After failing to reach Anatolia and head the struggle there against Ataturk, he took part in late 1921 in an anti-Soviet Basmachi revolt in Middle Asia. Enver was killed in a battle with Red Army units.