Evening Newspapers

Evening Newspapers 

a type of daily periodical press that supplements morning publications in the system of mass information media. In Western Europe and the USA evening newspapers appeared in the beginning of the 19th century; in Russia, in the mid-19th century (Vecherniaia gazeta of the morning newspaper Birzhevye vedomosti, 1866-81). Soon after the October Revolution the first Soviet evening newspapers were published in Moscow and Petrograd (Vechernie izvestiia of the Moscow Soviet of Workers’ and Peasants’ Deputies, 1918-24; the evening edition of Krasnaia gazeta, Petrograd-Leningrad, 1918-36). As of Jan. 1, 1970, there were 31 evening newspapers in the USSR (see Table 1). In addition, the newspaper Izvestiia publishes a Moscow evening edition.

The development of city evening newspapers is attributable to the colossal growth of the volume of information and to the necessity of efficiently disseminating it, and also to the differences in the working and leisure time cycles of city readers. Soviet evening newspapers contain the latest sociopolitical news and inform the reader about the state and prospects of residential construction, the provision of public services and amenities, everyday services, and about events in the cultural life of the city; substantial space is devoted to announcements (about admission to educational institutions, the defense of dissertations, the current repertoire of theaters, and so forth). The format of evening newspapers is marked by a saturation of illustrative material. In capitalist countries the main source for the support of newspapers, including evening newspapers, is revenue from advertising. Therefore the bulk of the material published has an advertising and entertainment orientation, and less space is devoted to news of sociopolitical life. In a number of countries, evening newspapers make up the larger part of the daily press (for example, in the USA in 1968, 1,463 out of 1,833 daily newspapers were evening papers).

V. M. GOROKHOV

Table 1. Evening newspapers of the USSR
	Circulation	Year founded	Language
Baku ...............	25,900	1963	Russian
Baky (Baku) ...............	57,800	1958	Azerbaijani
Golos Rigi ...............	56,300	1957	Russian
Gor’kovskii rabochii ...............	81,100	1932	Russian
Erekoian Erevan (Evening Yerevan) ...............	51,900	1957	Armenian
Kishineu. Gazete de sare (Evening Kishinev) ...............	2,800	1966	Moldavian
Riagas balls (Voice of Riga) ...............	75,300	1957	Latvian
Tbilisi ...............	105,000	1958	Georgian
Toshkent okshomi (Evening Tashkent) ...............	31,000	1966	Uzbek
Vakarines nauenos (Evening News, Vilnius) ...............	26,100	1958	Lithuanian
Vecherniaia Alma-Ata ...............	75,000	1968	Russian
Vecherniaia Moskva ...............	550,300	1923	Russian
Vecherniaia Perm’ ...............	30,000	1969	Russian
Vecherniaia Ufa ...............	46,200	1969	Russian
Vechernie novosti (Vilnius) ...............	25,100	1958	Russian
Vechernii Ashkhabad ...............	10,000	1968	Russian
Vechernii Dushanbe ...............	38,300	1968	Russian
Vechernii Kishinev ...............	35,900	1958	Russian
Vechernii Leningrad ...............	165,800	1945	Russian
Vechernii Minsk ...............	119,000	1967	Russian
Vechernii Novosibirsk ...............	70,000	1958	Russian
Vechernii Rostov ...............	80,000	1958	Russian
Vechernii Sverdiovsk ...............	70,000	1957	Russian
Vechernii Tashkent ...............	45,500	1966	Russian
Vechernii Tbilisi ...............	37,000	1933	Russian
Vechernii Cheliabinsk ...............	38,000	1968	Russian
Vechernii Kiiv (Evening Kiev) ...............	275,000	1927	Ukrainian
Vechernii Kharkiv (Evening Kharkov) ...............	48,000	1969	Ukranian
Viacherni Minsk (Evening Minsk) ...............	2,500	1967	Byelorussian
Volzhskaia Zaria (Kuibyshev) ...............	37,800	1969	Russian
Ykhtulekht (Evening Newspaper, Tallinn) ...............	61,300	1944	Estonian