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female genital mutilation

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female genital mutilation: see circumcision circumcision , operation to remove the foreskin covering the glans of the penis. It dates back to prehistoric times and was widespread throughout the Middle East as a religious rite before it was introduced among the Hebrews, presumably by Abraham.
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female genital cutting

 or female circumcision or female genital mutilation or clitoridectomy

Surgical procedure ranging from drawing blood, to removing the clitoris alone, to infibulation or Pharaonic circumcision—removing the external genitals, joining the sides and leaving a small opening. The practice dates to ancient times; usually performed on young girls and in a ritual context, it is purported by its practitioners to guard a girl's virginity and reduce her sexual desires. Because it is usually undertaken in unhygienic conditions, cutting may lead to severe bleeding, infection, debilitating pain, and death; long-term consequences can include an inability to urinate or expel menstrual blood, pain during sexual intercourse, and prolonged childbirth. In some cultures women are reinfibulated after childbirth, while others discourage this practice.



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Female genital mutilation is carried out for religious or cultural reasons in some parts of Africa, Asia and the Middle East, the World Health Organization says.
Both women come from families where it was customary to circumcise the clitoris, a practice known in the West as female genital mutilation.
Pakistani women, whether they are based in rural or urban areas, face multiple forms of violence including sexual violence, domestic abuse, burning and disfiguring through acids beating and threatening, honour-killings, custodial abuse and torture, dowry-related violence, rape and female genital mutilation, a report called "Sorrows of woman" prepared by the Pakistan Human Development Foundation said.
 
 
 
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