Yamagata Aritomo (redirected from Field-Marshal Yamagata)

Yamagata Aritomo

(born Aug. 3, 1838, Hagi, Japan—died Feb 1, 1922, Tokyo) First prime minister under Japan's parliamentary regime (1889–91, 1898–1900). As a samurai youth in Choshu province, Yamagata was among those who answered the foreign threat with the slogan “Sonno joi” (“Revere the emperor, expel the barbarians”). In 1864 Western gunboats bombarded the Choshu coast, convincing him of the need for modern armaments. After participating in the Meiji Restoration, he went abroad to research military institutions, returning to become commander of an imperial force of 10,000 troops. When he introduced conscription, bearing arms ceased to be the exclusive prerogative of a warrior class. His forces defeated Saigo Takamori's rebellion in 1877. In politics he was more conservative than his contemporary Ito Hirobumi, favouring a strong executive. As prime minister, his policies were expansionist; Japan sent the largest of all foreign forces to China to quell the Boxer Rebellion. He increased the autonomy of the military and tried to suppress an incipient social-labour movement. After retirement, he continued to wield power as a genro (elder statesman). See also Meiji Constitution; Meiji period.