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Giers, Nikolai Karlovich

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Giers, Nikolai Karlovich (nyĭkəlī` kär`ləvĭch gēyĕrs`), 1820–95, Russian statesman. Appointed deputy foreign minister in 1875, he increasingly took over the duties of the elderly foreign minister Aleksandr Gorchakov Gorchakov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich, Prince (əlyĭksän`dər mēkhī`ləvĭch, gərchəkôf`)
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, whom he succeeded in 1882. He sought to preserve the Three Emperors' League Three Emperors' League, informal alliance among Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia, announced officially in 1872 on the occasion of the meeting of emperors Francis Joseph, William I, and Alexander II.
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 with Germany and Austria-Hungary. This policy, however, conflicted with the expansionist desires of all three powers, particularly those of Austria-Hungary and Russia in the Balkans, and in 1887 Czar Alexander III Alexander III, 1845–94, czar of Russia (1881–94), son and successor of Alexander II . Factors that contributed to Alexander's reactionary policies included his father's assassination, his limited intelligence and education, his military background, and
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 refused to renew the league. Nevertheless, Giers was able to maintain a limited alliance with Germany through the Reinsurance treaty (1887). In 1890, however, Germany refused to renew the Reinsurance treaty and Giers reluctantly negotiated (1891–94) a Franco-Russian alliance, which became the nucleus of the Triple Entente (see Triple Alliance and Triple Entente Triple Alliance and Triple Entente (äntänt`)
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).


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