Giulio Romano (redirected from Giulio di Pietro di Filippo de' Gianuzzi)

Giulio Romano (j`lyō rōmä`nō), c.1492–1546, Italian painter, architect, and decorator, whose real name was Giulio Pippi. He was the favorite pupil of Raphael and while still a youth was entrusted with the painting of most of the frescoes in the loggias (from designs by Raphael) and a group of figures in the Stanza of the Incendio di Borgo in the Vatican and also, together with Gianfrancesco Penni, with the decoration of the ceiling of the Villa Farnesina, all in Rome. After the death of Raphael, he completed the frescoes of the life of Constantine in the Vatican as well as Raphael's Coronation of the Virgin and Transfiguration (both: Vatican Gall.). Forced to flee Rome in 1524 for having designed pornographic prints, he entered the service of the duke of Mantua, for whom he executed paintings and architectural and engineering projects. He reconstructed the cathedral, established a school of art, and designed the nearby Church of San Benedetto. He was the architect of the ducal palace and rebuilt the Palazzo del Te, decorating both of them with celebrated illusionistic and somewhat melodramatic frescoes. In 1546 he was appointed architect to St. Peter's, but he died in the same year. Well-known oils include The Stoning of St. Stephen (Church of Santo Stefano, Genoa) and Adoration of the Kings (Louvre). Romano was one of the creators of mannerism.

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Giulio Romano

 orig. Giulio di Pietro di Filippo de' Gianuzzi

(born 1492/99, Rome, Papal States—died Nov. 1, 1546, Mantua, Duchy of Mantua) Italian painter and architect. Apprenticed to Raphael in Rome, on his master's death he became Raphael's principal heir and artistic executor, completing several of Raphael's important Vatican frescoes. From 1524 he lived in Mantua, where he came to dominate artistic activity at the Gonzaga court and developed a personal, anti-Classical style. His most important commission, the Palazzo del Te (begun 1526), was one of the first Mannerist buildings to deliberately flout the tenets of Classical architecture. He achieved great fame in his lifetime, and his work presaged the illusionistic ceiling painting of the Baroque period.

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Giulio Romano

?1499--1546, Italian architect and painter; a founder of mannerism

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Romano, Giulio 

(real name, Giulio Pippi). Born 1492 or 1499, in Rome; died Nov. 1, 1546, in Mantua. Italian architect and painter.

Romano, a pupil of Raphael, worked in Rome from 1515 to 1524. He and his teacher painted the frescoes in the stanzas and loggias of the Vatican and in the Villa Farnesina. After Raphael’s death, Romano completed the frescoes of the Villa Madama (1521). In 1524 he began working at the court of the Gonzaga dukes in Mantua. Romano gradually moved away from the classical principles of Renaissance art. His architecture is characterized by its accentuated plasticity, whimsical contrasts of forms, and well-developed peculiar rustication (for example, the architect’s own house in Mantua, 1544). These elements are often combined with other unconventional external effects which destroy the strict tectonics of traditional orders (for example, the twisted columns of the Tournament Court in the Palazzo Ducale in Mantua, 1538-39). Romano’s principal work, the Palazzo del Te in Mantua (1525-34), is an early example of the suite method and anticipated architecture’s subsequent development.

Romano’s frescoes are notable for their ponderous architectural design, overcrowded composition, and unorthodox poses and foreshortening (for example, the paintings in the Sala dei Giganti in the Palazzo del Te). A cold abstraction of forms characterizes his paintings (for example, Christmas, Louvre, Paris; and Madonna and Child With John the Baptist, Hermitage, Leningrad).

REFERENCES

Vseobshchaia istoriia arkhitektury, vol. 5. Moscow, 1967. Pages 254-59.
Loukomski, G. Jules Romain. Paris, 1932.

V. E. MARKOVA