Grand Canal

Grand Canal, Chinese Da Yunhe [large transit river], longest in the world, extending c.1,000 mi (1,600 km) from Beijing to Hangzhou, E China, and forming an important north-south waterway on the North China Plain. The canal was started in the 6th cent. B.C. and was constructed over a 2,000-year period. Its largest sections were completed in A.D. 610 under Emperor Yang Ti of the Sui dynasty and were built by dredging and linking existing canals. Tree-shaded roads, postal stations, and imperial pavilions were built along the canal. Between the 10th and the early 13th cent. the waterway fell into disrepair. Kublai Khan reconstructed the canal in the 13th cent. and extended it to Beijing. Improvements were made during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Today the canal follows the Bai River south from Beijing to Tianjin. The 250-mi (412-km) section S of Tianjin, which ties into the Wei River, is navigable in all seasons by junks and small steamers. Leaving the Wei, the canal runs through the elongated lakes of Shandong prov. past Su-chou, where it crosses the Chang at Zhenjiang. It runs generally south through the Chang delta, past Wuxi and on to Hangzhou, the southern terminus. The canal is 100 to 200 ft (30–61 m) wide and from 2 to 15 ft (.6–4.6 m) deep. Railroads, roads, and widespread silting have reduced its economic importance.

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Grand Canal

Series of waterways in northern China that link Hangzhou with Beijing. Some 1,085 mi (1,747 km) in length, it is the world's longest man-made waterway. It was build to enable successive Chinese regimes to transport surplus grain from the agriculturally rich Yangtze (Chang) and Huai river valleys to feed the capital cities and large standing armies in the north. The oldest portion, in the south, may date from the 4th century BC. Expanded over the centuries, it continues to be used today for shipping and irrigation.

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Grand Canal

1. a canal in E China, extending north from Hangzhou to Tianjin: the longest canal in China, now partly silted up; central section, linking the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, finished in 486 bc; north section finished by Kublai Khan between 1282 and 1292. Length: about 1600 km (1000 miles)

2. a canal in Venice, forming the main water thoroughfare: noted for its bridges, the Rialto, and the fine palaces along its banks

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Grand Canal 

(Chinese, Yün Ho, transport river), a navigable canal, one of the greatest hydrotechnical structures of China. Construction of the Grand Canal, which was based on a number of canals built as early as the sixth century B.C. (mostly in the seventh century A.D.), was completed in the 13th century A.D. It runs from north to south, from near Peking to Hangchou, intersecting the Huang Ho (Yellow), Huai, and Yangtze rivers. It is 1,782 km long (from Tunghsien to Hangchou; different information on the length of the canal is given in different sources). The Grand Canal system also includes natural waterways, such as the Pai River and the Wei-shan Hu lakes. The main ports on the Grand Canal are Yangchou, Suchou, Wuhsi, and Hangchou. The main cargoes are coal, grain, wood, and cotton.