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Gray, John

Born 1798; died 1850. English petit bourgeois economist and Utopian socialist; follower of R. Owen.

In the pamphlet Lecture on Human Happiness (1825) and in his primary work, Social System (1831), Gray exposed capitalist exploitations, asserting that the producing classes receive only an insignificant part (one-fifth) of their labor, while the rest is appropriated by the nonproducing classes. He defended small private enterprises and holdings operating by the labor of their owner. He saw socialization of exchange as the solution to all social problems. In that, he differed from Owen, who advocated the socialization of all production and distribution. According to Gray, exploitation could be destroyed through the creation of a national bank that would issue so-called workers’ money, supposedly capable of ensuring equivalent exchange and the right of the working masses to the full product of their labor. The weakness of these ideas and their petit bourgeois character were exposed by Marx in the work Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (see K. Marx and F. Engels. Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 13. pp. 67–70).

WORKS

Sochineniia. Moscow. 1955. (Translated from English.)

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No references found	Back row, left to right: John McCormack, John Gray, John Lewis, Tony Flanagan, Michael McPartland, Ken Bruton, Harry Clarke, Pete Campbell, Ed Selby, Robin Davis, Michael Kirk, Jimmy McCaskell, Rob McGregor, Sister Mary Vincent. Never short of a dancing partner by Evening Gazette (Middlesbrough, England) The Lloyd Dowson-Yorkshire PGA Seaside pro-am at Bridlington ended in a four-way tie as Lyall Jardine, Chris Gray, John Oates and John Wells all shot 71. Union make change for East Riding clash by Huddersfield Daily Examiner (Huddersfield, England) 25), with David Gray, John Price and Wyn Thomas on 57. Golf: NEWS FROM AROUND THE CLUBS tapgolf@hotmail.com; IN ASSOCIATION ... by Daily Post (Liverpool, England)	gray matter gray mold gray scab gray scale Gray Seal gray sour gray speck Gray Ukrainian Cattle gray water Waste water Gray Whale Gray Whale Cove State Beach Gray's Inn Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary Gray, Alfred M. Gray, Asa Gray, Bowman Gray, Dorian Gray, Elisha Gray, George Gray, Glen Gray, Hanna Gray, Hanna Holborn Gray, Harold Gray, Harry Gray, Horace Gray, John Gray, John Chipman Gray, Robert Gray, Stephen Gray, Thomas Gray, William H., III gray-scale Graybar graybar land graybody Grayland Beach State Park grayling graylist graylisting Grayloc tubing joint Grays Harbor County Grays Harbor National Wildlife Refuge Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge Grayson County Grayson Highlands State Park Grayson Lake State Park Grayson, Cary Travers Grayson, David Grayton Beach State Park Graywacke graywall	Gray widgeon gray willow gray wolf gray wolf gray wolf Gray Wolves Gray Zone Gray Zone Gray Zone Gray's Gray's Inn Gray's Inn Gray's Inn Gray's Reef Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary Gray, Alfred M. Gray, Asa Gray, Asa Gray, Asa Gray, Bowman Gray, Dorian Gray, Elisha Gray, George Gray, Glen Gray, Hanna Gray, Hanna Holborn Gray, Harold Gray, Harry Gray, Horace Gray, Horace Gray, John Gray, John Chipman Gray, John Chipman Gray, Robert Gray, Stephen Gray, Thomas Gray, Thomas Gray, Thomas Gray, William H., III Gray, William Herbert, III Gray-asparagus gray-black gray-blue Gray-breasted Martin gray-brown Gray-Crowned Rosy-Finches Gray-green gray-haired gray-headed Gray-headed Kite Gray-Level Entropy Matrix Gray-market Gray-New Gloucester Business Association gray-out gray-pink Gray-scale Gray-scale Gray-scale gray-scale imaging

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Back row, left to right: John McCormack, John Gray, John Lewis, Tony Flanagan, Michael McPartland, Ken Bruton, Harry Clarke, Pete Campbell, Ed Selby, Robin Davis, Michael Kirk, Jimmy McCaskell, Rob McGregor, Sister Mary Vincent.

Never short of a dancing partner by Evening Gazette (Middlesbrough, England)

The Lloyd Dowson-Yorkshire PGA Seaside pro-am at Bridlington ended in a four-way tie as Lyall Jardine, Chris Gray, John Oates and John Wells all shot 71.

Union make change for East Riding clash by Huddersfield Daily Examiner (Huddersfield, England)

25), with David Gray, John Price and Wyn Thomas on 57.

Golf: NEWS FROM AROUND THE CLUBS tapgolf@hotmail.com; IN ASSOCIATION ... by Daily Post (Liverpool, England)