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Gregory XVI

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Gregory XVI, 1765–1846, pope (1831–46), an Italian named Bartolomeo Alberto Capellari, b. Belluno; successor of Pius VIII. In 1783 he became a Camaldolite and was (1825) created cardinal. Gregory was a conservative both in politics and theology, and he was continually opposed by liberals throughout Europe. His most famous act was the condemnation of Father Lamennais Lamennais or La Mennais, Félicité Robert de
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 with the encyclical Mirari vos (1832). In 1831 the Carbonari Carbonari (kärbōnä`rē) [Ital.
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 outbreaks spread to Rome, and only Austrian help suppressed them. He nearly came to an open break over anticlerical legislation in Spain and Portugal, and he had a long controversy with Prussia. Gregory was actively interested in propagating the faith in England and the United States. He was succeeded by Pius IX.

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Before the end of 1841, Pope Gregory XVI established the See of Toronto and named Michael Power as its first bishop.
Even though in 1839 Pope Gregory XVI published an apostolic letter banning Catholics from participating in the slave trade (importation of slaves had already been banned in the United States more than thirty years before), he did not prohibit Catholics from owning slaves.
Faced with a popular uprising in Rome and the papal states, the newly elected Pope Gregory XVI (1831-1846 as pope) furiously rejected calls for elected assemblies and lay-dominated councils of state.
 
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