Hasan (häsän`), c.625–c.669; son of Ali Ali (Ali ibn Abu Talib), 598?–661, 4th caliph (656–61). The debate over his right to the caliphate caused a major split in Islam into Sunni and Shiite branches, and he is regarded by the Shiites as the first Imam, or leader: Shiite derives from the phrase
..... Click the link for more information. and Fatima Fatima , 616?–633?, daughter of Muhammad by his first wife, Khadija. Fatima was the wife of Ali, the mother of Hasan and Husayn, and reputedly the ancestress of the Fatimids.
..... Click the link for more information. (daughter of Muhammad the Prophet). When Ali was killed in 661, Hasan became caliph, but he was not strong enough to withstand the threat of arms of the Umayyads and under pressure abdicated in favor of Muawiya Muawiya , d. 680, 1st Umayyad caliph (661–80), one of the greatest Muslim statesmen; son of Abu Sufyan, a Koreish tribesman of Mecca. He submitted to Islam the year of the surrender of Mecca and became Muhammad's secretary.
..... Click the link for more information. . He retired to Medina and died, reputedly of poison. His more active brother, Husein Husein or Husayn , c.626–680, Muslim saint of the Shiites; second son of Ali and Fatima (daughter of Muhammad). With the assassination of his father in 661 and the acquiescence of his brother Hasan, the caliphate passed out of the Alid
..... Click the link for more information. , took up the family cause. The Shiites believe that Hasan was murdered by the Umayyads and venerate him as a martyr.

Hasan

in full Hasan ibn 'Ali ibn Abi Talib

(born 624, Arabia—died 680, Medina) Grandson of Muhammad, the elder son of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah. He is one of the five most revered persons in the Shi'ite branch of Islam. After the murder of his father, 'Ali, in 661, he was seen by many as the Prophet's rightful heir. When Mu'awiyah I opposed Hasan's succession and began to prepare for war, Hasan raised an army to meet him. Plagued by defections, however, he opened peace negotiations within the year and abandoned the caliphate to his opponent. For the rest of his life he lived quietly in Medina.

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