Henry D. Thoreau definition of Henry D. Thoreau in the Free Online Encyclopedia.

Thoreau, Henry David

Born July 12, 1817, in Concord, Mass.; died May 6, 1862, at Waiden, near Concord. American writer and social figure.

Thoreau was the son of a small businessman. After graduating from Harvard University in 1837, he developed a close association with R. W. Emerson, under whose influence he became a follower of Transcendentalism. In Waiden, or Life in the Woods (1854; Russian translation, 1900), Thoreau gives testimony to the profound alienation he felt from contemporary society, with its mundane practicality and the hypocrisy of bourgeois “freedoms.” The book, because of its harsh criticism of society’s ills, its high philosophical tone, and its great literary merit, became a model of American realist prose.

A man of moral principles, Thoreau was an admirer of L. N. Tolstoy. His essays, for example, “On Civil Disobedience” (1849) and “Slavery in Massachusetts” (1854), and especially his speeches in defense of Negroes are regarded among the best examples of abolitionist literature, and they exercised a considerable influence on American social life. Thoreau gained wide recognition only in the 20th century.

WORKS

The Writings of Henry David Thoreau, vols. 1–20. Boston–New York, 1906.
Journal, vols. 1–14. New York, 1963.
In Russian translation:
Uolden, ili Zhizn’ v lesu. Moscow, 1962. (With an afterword by A. Startsev.)

REFERENCES

Istoriia amerikanskoi literatury, vol. 1. Moscow-Leningrad, 1947.
Bruks, V. V. Pisatel’ i amerikanskaia zhizn’, vol. 1. Moscow, 1967.
Krutch, J. W. Henry David Thoreau. New York, 1965.
The Recognition of Henry David Thoreau. Ann Arbor, Mich. [1969].
Paul, S. The Shores of America: Thoreau’s Inward Exploration. Urbana, 111. [1972].
Stern, P. van Doren. Henry David Thoreau. New York [1972].

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Henry David Thoreau
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