(real name, John Rowlands). Born Jan. 28, 1841, in Denbigh, Wales; died May 10, 1904, in London. Journalist and explorer of Africa.
Stanley left Great Britain for the USA at the age of 17. In 1871–72, as a correspondent for the New York Herald, he journeyed from the eastern coast of Africa deep into the interior in search of D. Livingstone, who was believed lost. He found Livingstone in a village near Lake Tanganyika; they both later explored the lake. Stanley led an Anglo-American expedition across Africa from east to west from 1874 to 1877. Starting from Zanzibar, he reached Lake Victoria and determined its circuit. He discovered the Ruwenzori Mountains and Lakes Edward (Idi Amin Dada) and George, explored the Kagera River, and traveled around Lake Tanganyika; he reached the Lualaba River and established its identity with the upper course of the Congo (Zaire) River; he navigated the Congo River to its mouth and mapped its middle course, which had been unknown to Europeans.
In the service of the Belgian king Leopold II from 1879 to 1884, Stanley participated in the conquest of the Congo River basin; on the way he explored several of its tributaries and discovered Lakes Leopold II (Mai-Ndombe) and Tumba. Between 1887 and 1889 he recrossed Africa at the head of a British expedition, this time from west to east, explored the Aruwimi River, and established that Lake Edward belongs to the Nile system. Waterfalls on the upper Congo are named after Stanley.
WORKS
Through the Dark Continent .... vols. 1–2. London, 1878.In Darkest Africa ..., vols. 1–2. London, 1890.
In Russian translation:
Kak ia otyskal Livingstona. St. Petersburg, 1874.
V debriakh Afriki, 3rd ed. Moscow, 1958.
REFERENCE
Gornung, M. B., Iu. G. Lipets, and I. N. Oleinikov. Istoriia otkrytiia i issledovaniia Afriki. Moscow, 1973.I. N. OLEINIKOV
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