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Holy League

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Holy League, in Italian history, alliance formed (1510–11) by Pope Julius II Julius II, 1443–1513, pope (1503–13), an Italian named Giuliano della Rovere, b. Savona; successor of Pius III. His uncle Sixtus IV gave him many offices and created him cardinal.
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 during the Italian Wars Italian Wars, 1494–1559, series of regional wars brought on by the efforts of the great European powers to control the small independent states of Italy.
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 for the purpose of expelling Louis XII Louis XII, 1462–1515, king of France (1498–1515), son of Charles, duc d' Orléans . He succeeded his father as duke. While still duke, he rebelled against the regency of Anne de Beaujeu and was imprisoned (1488), but was released (1491) by his
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 of France from Italy, thereby consolidating papal power. Venice, the Swiss cantons, Ferdinand II of Aragón, Henry VIII of England, and Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I were the chief members of the league. The Swiss, who did most of the fighting, routed the French at Novara (1513), but in the same year Julius II died and the league fell apart. The French victory (1515) at Marignano Marignano, battle of (märēnyä`nō)
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 reestablished the French in Lombardy.

Holy League

(1576–98) Association of Roman Catholics during the French Wars of Religion. It was first organized under the leadership of the 3rd duke de Guise, to oppose concessions granted to the Protestant Huguenots by Henry III. In 1584, when the Huguenot leader Henry of Navarra (later Henry IV) became heir to the throne, the Holy League set up an alternative candidate, with Spain's assistance. To put an end to the league, which challenged his authority, Henry III had the duke de Guise assassinated (1588), an act that, rather than destroying the League, led to Henry's own assassination in 1589. The league opposed the accession of Henry IV, but its power waned when he became a Roman Catholic in 1593.



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The Christian navy, known as the fleet of the Holy League, sailed with the blessing of Pope Pius V who sanctified the war "waged under the protection of the golden figure of Christ.
The central claim that Manetsch makes in the book, in fact, is that Beza played a central role in shaping and helping to preserve the French reformed community when it was under attack by the French crown after 1572, by the Holy League after 1584, and even by the ecumenical efforts of Henry IV to reunite his Protestant and Catholic subjects under one Gallican faith after his abjuration in 1593.
 
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