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HOLY ROMAN EMPERORS
(including dates of reign)
Saxon dynasty |
| Otto I, 936–73 |
| Otto II, 973–83 |
| Otto III, 983–1002 |
| Henry II, 1002–24 |
Salian or Franconian dynasty |
| Conrad II, 1024–39 |
| Henry III, 1039–56 |
| Henry IV, 1056–1105 |
| Henry V, 1105–25 |
| Lothair II, duke of Saxony, 1125–37 |
Hohenstaufen dynasty and rivals |
| Conrad III, 1138–52 |
| Frederick I, 1152–90 |
| Henry VI, 1190–97 |
| Philip of Swabia, 1198–1208 |
| antiking: Otto IV (Guelph), 1198–1208 |
| Otto IV (king, 1208–12; emperor, 1209–15), 1208–15 |
| Frederick II (king, 1212–20; emperor, 1220–50), 1212–50 |
| Conrad IV, 1237–54 |
| antiking: Henry Raspe, 1246–47 |
| antiking: William, count of Holland, 1247–56 |
Interregnum, 1254–73 |
| Richard, earl of Cornwall, and Alfonso X of Castile, rivals |
Hapsburg, Luxemburg, and other dynasties |
| Rudolf I (Hapsburg), 1273–91 |
| Adolf of Nassau, 1292–98 |
| Albert I (Hapsburg), 1298–1308 |
| Henry VII (Luxemburg), 1308–13 |
| Louis IV (Wittelsbach), 1314–46 |
| Charles IV (Luxemburg), 1346–78 |
| Wenceslaus (Luxemburg), 1378–1400 |
| Rupert (Wittelsbach), 1400–1410 |
| Sigismund (Luxemburg), 1410–37 |
Hapsburg dynasty |
| Albert II, 1438–39 |
| Frederick III, 1440–93 |
| Maximilian I, 1493–1519 |
| Charles V, 1519–58 |
| Ferdinand I, 1558–64 |
| Maximilian II, 1564–76 |
| Rudolf II, 1576–1612 |
| Matthias, 1612–19 |
| Ferdinand II, 1619–37 |
| Ferdinand III, 1637–57 |
| Leopold I, 1658–1705 |
| Joseph I, 1705–11 |
| Charles VI, 1711–40 |
Interregnum (1740–42) and other dynasties |
| Charles VII (Wittelsbach-Hapsburg), 1742–45 |
| Francis I (Lorraine), 1745–65 |
Hapsburg-Lorraine dynasty |
| Joseph II, 1765–90 |
| Leopold II, 1790–92 |
| Francis II, 1792–1806 |
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