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List of Holy Roman Emperors
(redirected from Holy Roman Emperor)

   Also found in: Dictionary/thesaurus, Acronyms, Wikipedia, Hutchinson 0.04 sec.
HOLY ROMAN EMPERORS
(including dates of reign)

Saxon dynasty
Otto I, 936–73
Otto II, 973–83
Otto III, 983–1002
Henry II, 1002–24

Salian or Franconian dynasty
Conrad II, 1024–39
Henry III, 1039–56
Henry IV, 1056–1105
Henry V, 1105–25
Lothair II, duke of Saxony, 1125–37

Hohenstaufen dynasty and rivals
Conrad III, 1138–52
Frederick I, 1152–90
Henry VI, 1190–97
Philip of Swabia, 1198–1208
antiking: Otto IV (Guelph), 1198–1208
Otto IV (king, 1208–12; emperor, 1209–15), 1208–15
Frederick II (king, 1212–20; emperor, 1220–50), 1212–50
Conrad IV, 1237–54
antiking: Henry Raspe, 1246–47
antiking: William, count of Holland, 1247–56

Interregnum, 1254–73
Richard, earl of Cornwall, and Alfonso X of Castile, rivals

Hapsburg, Luxemburg, and other dynasties
Rudolf I (Hapsburg), 1273–91
Adolf of Nassau, 1292–98
Albert I (Hapsburg), 1298–1308
Henry VII (Luxemburg), 1308–13
Louis IV (Wittelsbach), 1314–46
Charles IV (Luxemburg), 1346–78
Wenceslaus (Luxemburg), 1378–1400
Rupert (Wittelsbach), 1400–1410
Sigismund (Luxemburg), 1410–37

Hapsburg dynasty
Albert II, 1438–39
Frederick III, 1440–93
Maximilian I, 1493–1519
Charles V, 1519–58
Ferdinand I, 1558–64
Maximilian II, 1564–76
Rudolf II, 1576–1612
Matthias, 1612–19
Ferdinand II, 1619–37
Ferdinand III, 1637–57
Leopold I, 1658–1705
Joseph I, 1705–11
Charles VI, 1711–40

Interregnum (1740–42) and other dynasties
Charles VII (Wittelsbach-Hapsburg), 1742–45
Francis I (Lorraine), 1745–65

Hapsburg-Lorraine dynasty
Joseph II, 1765–90
Leopold II, 1790–92
Francis II, 1792–1806


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At the time of Martin Luther's Reformation in 1517, this legitimizing principle was represented by the chief of the Habsburg family, the largest landlords on the continent, because the Roman Catholic Church (the second largest landlord) had conferred on him the title of Holy Roman Emperor.
Western ceremony, such as that employed by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, was likewise copied.
Though the ``Shakespeare in Love'' star can project the rebel theologian's fierce moralism, fecund intelligence and subversive wit when called for, Fiennes is more prone to trembling, perspiring and sobbing his way through Luther's trials with the papacy, the Holy Roman Emperor and dark nights alone with his own tormented soul.
 
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