sulfate, chemical compound containing the sulfate (SO4) radical radical, in chemistry, group of atoms that are joined together in some particular spatial structure and that take part in most chemical reactions as a single unit.
..... Click the link for more information. . Sulfates are salts or esters of sulfuric acid sulfuric acid, chemical compound, H2SO4, colorless, odorless, extremely corrosive, oily liquid. It is sometimes called oil of vitriol.
When heated, the pure 100% acid loses sulfur trioxide gas, SO
..... Click the link for more information. , H2SO4, formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal (e.g., sodium) or a radical (e.g., ammonium or ethyl). Sulfates in which both hydrogens are replaced are called normal sulfates; sulfates in which only one hydrogen is replaced are called hydrogen sulfates, acid sulfates, or bisulfates. Most metal sulfates are readily soluble in water, but calcium and mercuric sulfates are only slightly soluble, while barium, lead, strontium, and mercurous sulfates are insoluble. In chemical analysis, the sulfate ion ion, atom or group of atoms having a net electric charge .
A neutral atom or group of atoms becomes an ion by gaining or losing one or more electrons or protons.
..... Click the link for more information. , SO4−2, is usually detected by adding barium chloride solution; the white barium sulfate precipitate that forms is insoluble in hydrochloric acid. Sulfates are widely distributed in nature. Barium sulfate occurs as barite barite (bâr`īt), barytes
..... Click the link for more information. ; calcium sulfate is found as gypsum gypsum (jĭp`səm), mineral composed of calcium sulfate (calcium, sulfur, and oxygen) with two molecules of water, CaSO4
..... Click the link for more information. , alabaster alabaster, fine-grained, massive, translucent variety of gypsum , a hydrous calcium sulfate. It is pure white or streaked with reddish brown. Alabaster, like all other forms of gypsum, forms by the evaporation of bedded deposits that are precipitated mainly from
..... Click the link for more information. , and selenite; Epsom salts Epsom salts, common name for magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, MgSO4·7H2O, a water-soluble bitter-tasting compound that occurs as white or colorless needle-shaped crystals.
..... Click the link for more information. is magnesium sulfate; sodium sulfate sodium sulfate, chemical compound, Na2SO4. It is a white, orthorhombic crystalline compound at ordinary temperatures; above 100°C; it assumes a monoclinic structure, and above about 250°C; it assumes a hexagonal structure.
..... Click the link for more information. occurs as its decahydrate, Glauber's salt Glauber's salt, common name for sodium sulfate decahydrate, Na2SO4·10H2O; it occurs as white or colorless monoclinic crystals. Upon exposure to fairly dry air it effloresces, forming powdery anhydrous sodium sulfate .
..... Click the link for more information. ; and strontium sulfate occurs as celestite celestite (sĕl`əstīt) or celestine
..... Click the link for more information. . Some sulfates were formerly known as vitriols; blue vitriol is cupric sulfate cupric sulfate (k
`prĭk sŭl`fāt, ky
..... Click the link for more information. , green vitriol is ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate or iron (II) sulfate, chemical compound, FeSO4. It is known as the monohydrate, FeSO4·H2O; the tetrahydrate, FeSO4·4H2O; the pentahydrate, FeSO4
..... Click the link for more information. , and white vitriol is zinc sulfate zinc sulfate, chemical compound ZnSO4, a very water soluble, transparent, colorless, crystalline compound. It is commonly used as the heptahydrate, ZnSO4·7H2
..... Click the link for more information. . Alums alum (ăl`əm), any one of a series of isomorphous double salts that are hydrated sulfates of a univalent cation (e.g.
..... Click the link for more information. are double sulfates, containing two different metals and two sulfate radicals. Organic sulfates are esters. They can be formed by reacting an alcohol with cold sulfuric acid. They are also formed by the reaction of sulfuric acid with a double bond in an alkene; the product is called an alkyl hydrogen sulfate. An alkyl hydrogen sulfate can be broken down to an alcohol and sulfuric acid by heating it with water (hydrolysis hydrolysis (hīdrŏl`ĭsĭs)
..... Click the link for more information. ); this reaction is often used to synthesize alcohols. Sulfates play a significant role both in the chemical industry and in biological systems. Sulfuric acid is used in lead storage batteries and in the manufacture of nitric acid; copper sulfate is a common algicide. Organisms found near deep-sea thermal vents use sulfates for energy in place of sunlight.
sulfate [′səl‚fāt]
..... Click the link for more information. . Sulfates are salts or esters of sulfuric acid sulfuric acid, chemical compound, H2SO4, colorless, odorless, extremely corrosive, oily liquid. It is sometimes called oil of vitriol.
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid
When heated, the pure 100% acid loses sulfur trioxide gas, SO
..... Click the link for more information. , H2SO4, formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal (e.g., sodium) or a radical (e.g., ammonium or ethyl). Sulfates in which both hydrogens are replaced are called normal sulfates; sulfates in which only one hydrogen is replaced are called hydrogen sulfates, acid sulfates, or bisulfates. Most metal sulfates are readily soluble in water, but calcium and mercuric sulfates are only slightly soluble, while barium, lead, strontium, and mercurous sulfates are insoluble. In chemical analysis, the sulfate ion ion, atom or group of atoms having a net electric charge .
Positive and Negative Electric Charges
A neutral atom or group of atoms becomes an ion by gaining or losing one or more electrons or protons.
..... Click the link for more information. , SO4−2, is usually detected by adding barium chloride solution; the white barium sulfate precipitate that forms is insoluble in hydrochloric acid. Sulfates are widely distributed in nature. Barium sulfate occurs as barite barite (bâr`īt), barytes
..... Click the link for more information. ; calcium sulfate is found as gypsum gypsum (jĭp`səm), mineral composed of calcium sulfate (calcium, sulfur, and oxygen) with two molecules of water, CaSO4
..... Click the link for more information. , alabaster alabaster, fine-grained, massive, translucent variety of gypsum , a hydrous calcium sulfate. It is pure white or streaked with reddish brown. Alabaster, like all other forms of gypsum, forms by the evaporation of bedded deposits that are precipitated mainly from
..... Click the link for more information. , and selenite; Epsom salts Epsom salts, common name for magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, MgSO4·7H2O, a water-soluble bitter-tasting compound that occurs as white or colorless needle-shaped crystals.
..... Click the link for more information. is magnesium sulfate; sodium sulfate sodium sulfate, chemical compound, Na2SO4. It is a white, orthorhombic crystalline compound at ordinary temperatures; above 100°C; it assumes a monoclinic structure, and above about 250°C; it assumes a hexagonal structure.
..... Click the link for more information. occurs as its decahydrate, Glauber's salt Glauber's salt, common name for sodium sulfate decahydrate, Na2SO4·10H2O; it occurs as white or colorless monoclinic crystals. Upon exposure to fairly dry air it effloresces, forming powdery anhydrous sodium sulfate .
..... Click the link for more information. ; and strontium sulfate occurs as celestite celestite (sĕl`əstīt) or celestine
..... Click the link for more information. . Some sulfates were formerly known as vitriols; blue vitriol is cupric sulfate cupric sulfate (k
`prĭk sŭl`fāt, ky..... Click the link for more information. , green vitriol is ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate or iron (II) sulfate, chemical compound, FeSO4. It is known as the monohydrate, FeSO4·H2O; the tetrahydrate, FeSO4·4H2O; the pentahydrate, FeSO4
..... Click the link for more information. , and white vitriol is zinc sulfate zinc sulfate, chemical compound ZnSO4, a very water soluble, transparent, colorless, crystalline compound. It is commonly used as the heptahydrate, ZnSO4·7H2
..... Click the link for more information. . Alums alum (ăl`əm), any one of a series of isomorphous double salts that are hydrated sulfates of a univalent cation (e.g.
..... Click the link for more information. are double sulfates, containing two different metals and two sulfate radicals. Organic sulfates are esters. They can be formed by reacting an alcohol with cold sulfuric acid. They are also formed by the reaction of sulfuric acid with a double bond in an alkene; the product is called an alkyl hydrogen sulfate. An alkyl hydrogen sulfate can be broken down to an alcohol and sulfuric acid by heating it with water (hydrolysis hydrolysis (hīdrŏl`ĭsĭs)
..... Click the link for more information. ); this reaction is often used to synthesize alcohols. Sulfates play a significant role both in the chemical industry and in biological systems. Sulfuric acid is used in lead storage batteries and in the manufacture of nitric acid; copper sulfate is a common algicide. Organisms found near deep-sea thermal vents use sulfates for energy in place of sunlight.
sulfate
Any of numerous inorganic and organic chemical compounds related to sulfuric acid (H2SO4). One subgroup comprises salts containing the sulfate ion (SO42−) linked via ionic bonds with any of various cations. Another subgroup of sulfates, the esters, are organic compounds in which sulfuric acid's hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl, phenyl); a carbon atom in the organic group bonds to an oxygen atom, whose second bond is to the sulfur atom. (In sulfonates, a carbon atom bonds directly to the sulfur atom.) See also bonding.
sulfate [′səl‚fāt]
(chemistry)
A compound containing the ‒SO4group, as in sodium sulfate, Na2SO4.
A salt of sulfuric acid.
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