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Iatrochemistry |
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Iatrochemistry
a school of the natural sciences and medicine that arose in the 16th century. Iatrochemists regarded the most important cause of diseases to be disturbances in the chemical processes within the body; they consequently sought chemical agents to cure the diseases. The origin and development of iatrochemistry, which made its greatest gains in Germany and the Netherlands, are linked with the careers of Paracelsus, J. B. van Helmont, and the physician and anatomist F. Sylvius (1614–72); Sylvius formulated the principal tenets of iatrochemistry and founded the first medical laboratory for analysis, at the University of Leiden. Iatrochemists paid particular attention to the study of digestion and of such glands as the sex glands. They distinguished between “acidic” and “basic” diseases. In essence, iatrochemistry introduced a scientific (chemical) basis for the theory of humoral pathology. In his criticism of iatrochemistry, R. Boyle argued that chemistry has the independent task of determining the composition of substances, a process that also enriches medicine. Iatrochemistry, which made a positive contribution to the struggle against the dogmas of medieval scholastic medicine, ceased to exist as a school of medicine in the second half of the 18th century. P. E. ZABLUDOVSKII Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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No references found | They generally agree that there was probably less discord in medical practice than in medical theory, and the new sciences of anatomy and physiology, iatrochemistry and iatromechanial theory competed with medieval and early modern Galenism and the remnants of the Aristotelian intellectual edifice and its postulate of the organic integrity of body and soul. Boyle and Newton drew on a well-developed experimental tradition and corpuscular matter theory derived from thirteenth-century Aristotelian alchemy and fused with Paracelsian spagyrical methods: it was seventeenth-century alchemy and iatrochemistry that provided them with the materialist theoretical basis and quantitative experimental methods on which to develop a replacement for Aristotle's substantial forms, not the Cartesian clockwork mechanism and Gassendian atomism. 77-79) Nonetheless, Lindemann does chart a kind of progress: by the end of the eighteenth century "physicians throughout most of Europe had shed the successive skins of Galenism, iatrochemistry, and iatromechanism. |
Iatrochemistry |
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