Ali (älē`) (Ali ibn Abu Talib), 598?–661, 4th caliph (656–61). The debate over his right to the caliphate caliph (kăl`ĭf'), the spiritual head and temporal ruler of the Islamic state. In principle, Islam is theocratic: when Muhammad died, a caliph [Arab.
..... Click the link for more information. caused a major split in Islam into Sunni Sunni (s
`nī) [Arab.
..... Click the link for more information. and Shiite Shiites (shē`ītz) [Arab.
..... Click the link for more information. branches, and he is regarded by the Shiites as the first Imam, or leader: Shiite derives from the phrase shi-at Ali [Ar.=the party of Ali]. He was the son of Abu Talib, Muhammad's uncle, but was more closely related to the Prophet as the husband of Fatima Fatima (făt`ĭmə, fä`tĭmə, fətē`mə)
..... Click the link for more information. . He was one of the Prophet's first and most faithful followers. There are conflicting traditions on whether Muhammad intended Ali to be his immediate sucessor. In 656 he became the 4th caliph on Uthman Uthman (
..... Click the link for more information. 's death. He was strongly opposed by Aishah Aishah (ī`shə, ä`ĭshä'), c.614–678, third and favorite of the nine wives of Muhammad the Prophet.
..... Click the link for more information. , the Prophet's wife; Muawiya Muawiya (mä`wēä), d.
..... Click the link for more information. , who later founded the Umayyad dynasty; and dissatisfied ex-supporters, the Khawarijis. The Khawarijis succeeded in assassinating him in 661. His eldest son Hasan Hasan (häsän`), c.625–c.669; son of Ali and Fatima (daughter of Muhammad the Prophet).
..... Click the link for more information. (624–70) abdicated in favor of Muawiya. Ali and his second son Husein Husein (h
..... Click the link for more information. (626–80) are the great martyrs of the Shiites.
Ali
..... Click the link for more information. caused a major split in Islam into Sunni Sunni (s
`nī) [Arab...... Click the link for more information. and Shiite Shiites (shē`ītz) [Arab.
..... Click the link for more information. branches, and he is regarded by the Shiites as the first Imam, or leader: Shiite derives from the phrase shi-at Ali [Ar.=the party of Ali]. He was the son of Abu Talib, Muhammad's uncle, but was more closely related to the Prophet as the husband of Fatima Fatima (făt`ĭmə, fä`tĭmə, fətē`mə)
..... Click the link for more information. . He was one of the Prophet's first and most faithful followers. There are conflicting traditions on whether Muhammad intended Ali to be his immediate sucessor. In 656 he became the 4th caliph on Uthman Uthman (
..... Click the link for more information. 's death. He was strongly opposed by Aishah Aishah (ī`shə, ä`ĭshä'), c.614–678, third and favorite of the nine wives of Muhammad the Prophet.
..... Click the link for more information. , the Prophet's wife; Muawiya Muawiya (m
ä`wēä), d...... Click the link for more information. , who later founded the Umayyad dynasty; and dissatisfied ex-supporters, the Khawarijis. The Khawarijis succeeded in assassinating him in 661. His eldest son Hasan Hasan (häsän`), c.625–c.669; son of Ali and Fatima (daughter of Muhammad the Prophet).
..... Click the link for more information. (624–70) abdicated in favor of Muawiya. Ali and his second son Husein Husein (h
..... Click the link for more information. (626–80) are the great martyrs of the Shiites.
Ali
1. ?600--661 ad, fourth caliph of Islam (656--61 ad), considered the first caliph by the Shiites: cousin and son-in-law of Mohammed
2. Mehemet. See Mehemet Ali
3. Muhammad. See Muhammad Ali
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