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isoniazid

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isoniazid (ī'sōnī`əzĭd), drug used to treat tuberculosis tuberculosis (TB), contagious, wasting disease caused by any of several mycobacteria. The most common form of the disease is tuberculosis of the lungs (pulmonary consumption, or phthisis), but the intestines, bones and joints, the skin, and the genitourinary,
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. Also known as isonicotinic acid hydrazide, isoniazid is the most effective antituberculosis drug currently available. The drug inhibits or kills the tubercle bacilli that cause the disease. It is usually given together with some other antituberculosis drug such as streptomycin streptomycin , antibiotic produced by soil bacteria of the genus Streptomyces and active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (see Gram's stain), including species resistant to other antibiotics, e.g.
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 or aminosalicylic acid to prevent emergence of drug resistant organisms (see drug resistance drug resistance, condition in which infecting bacteria can resist the destructive effects of drugs such as antibiotics and sulfa drugs. Drug resistance has become a serious public health problem, since many disease-causing bacteria are no longer susceptible to
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). To prevent development of tuberculosis in individuals who have a positive reaction to a tuberculin skin test, isoniazid is given alone. Side effects are seen only with very high doses.
isoniazid [‚ī·sə′nī·ə·zəd]
(pharmacology)
C6H7N3O A drug used as a tuberculostatic. Also known as isonicotinic acid hydrazide.


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This year's International AIDS Society TB-HIV research prize was awarded to Dr Clare van Helsema of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK, for her study on isoniazid prevention therapy (IPT) conducted in a community of South African gold miners.
The researcher said that the finding has caused concern because slowly growing bacteria are non-responsive to treatment with isoniazid, one of the main antibiotics used to treat TB.
This discovery could be one of the most promising developments in TB research since the discovery of isoniazid -- it is very exciting," said William Jacobs, associate director of the Einstein-Montefiore Center for AIDS Research, referring to the first effective antituberculosis medication discovered in the 1950s.
 
 
 
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