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Jan Swammerdam

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Swammerdam, Jan 

Born Feb. 2, 1637, in Amsterdam; died there Feb. 15, 1680. Dutch naturalist.

Swammerdam graduated from the University of Leiden in 1663. In 1667 he defended his dissertation on respiration in animals. His main works dealt with human and animal anatomy; his animal studies centered on insects, although he also studied mollusks, amphibians, and other animals. Swammerdam proposed classifying insects by subdividing them into four groups based on the characteristics of their metamorphosis. He supported the theory of preformation and rejected the possibility of spontaneous generation. He introduced a new preparation technique, developed many instruments used in making preparations, and performed the first intravascular injection. Swammerdam designed instruments to record cardiac output, respiratory movements, and muscular contractions following the stimulation of a nerve.

WORKS

Historia insectorum generalis. Utrecht, 1669.
Bybel der Natuure, vols. 1–2. Leiden, 1737–38.

REFERENCCE

Kholodkovskii, N. A. Ian Svammerdam. Berlin, 1923.


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In the mid-1660s, Jan Swammerdam, Johannes van Horne, and Niels Stensen independently arrived at this hypothesis, but failed to publish their work immediately.
The heyday of the preformationists was roughly 1600-1800; they were led by such scientific luminaries as Paracelsus, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Jan Swammerdam, Charles Bonnet, Albrecht von Haller, and the famous Dutch naturalist Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, commonly credited with the invention of the microscope.
 
 
 
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