Jinan

Jinan (jē-nän) or Tsinan (tsĭn`än`), city (1994 est. pop. 1,659,900), capital of Shandong prov., E China. It lies 3 mi (4.8 km) S of the Huang He (Yellow River) and is a railroad junction on the network linking Shanghai and Nanjing with Tianjin; it has connections to Qingdao and Yantai. Jinan is an industrial center with textile, flour, paper, and iron and steel mills, food-processing establishments, machine shops, and plants making trucks, agricultural machinery, chemicals, and fertilizer. An ancient walled city, Jinan was a provincial center as early as the 12th cent. It fell to the Communists in Sept., 1948, with the loss of some 75,000 Nationalist troops. Jinan is the seat of Shandong Univ. and other institutions of higher learning. The name sometimes appears as Chi-nan.

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Jinan

 or Chi-nan conventional Tsinan

City (pop., 2003 est.: 2,346,000), capital of Shandong province, eastern China. It dates to the Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BC) and earlier and has been an administrative centre since the 8th century BC. Nearby Mount Tai was one of China's greatest holy mountains; many Buddhist cave temples were built in the hills south of the city in the 4th–7th century AD. It was made the capital of Shandong under the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Opened to foreign commerce in 1904, it developed further after becoming a railroad junction in 1912. It is now a major administrative and industrial centre and Shandong's chief cultural centre, with agricultural, medical, and engineering colleges and a large university (1926).

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Jinan, Chinan, Tsinan

an industrial city in NE China, capital of Shandong province; probably over 3000 years old. Pop.: 2 654 000 (2005 est.)