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Gray, John

Born 1798; died 1850. English petit bourgeois economist and Utopian socialist; follower of R. Owen.

In the pamphlet Lecture on Human Happiness (1825) and in his primary work, Social System (1831), Gray exposed capitalist exploitations, asserting that the producing classes receive only an insignificant part (one-fifth) of their labor, while the rest is appropriated by the nonproducing classes. He defended small private enterprises and holdings operating by the labor of their owner. He saw socialization of exchange as the solution to all social problems. In that, he differed from Owen, who advocated the socialization of all production and distribution. According to Gray, exploitation could be destroyed through the creation of a national bank that would issue so-called workers’ money, supposedly capable of ensuring equivalent exchange and the right of the working masses to the full product of their labor. The weakness of these ideas and their petit bourgeois character were exposed by Marx in the work Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (see K. Marx and F. Engels. Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 13. pp. 67–70).

WORKS

Sochineniia. Moscow. 1955. (Translated from English.)

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No references found	Byline: JOHN GRAY AS I lay awake one recent night, unable to sleep and pondering the Universe, I finally realised the true meaning of those whirly things sprouting up in Northumberland. Letter: VOICE OF THE NORTH - The meaning of life is in wind farms by The Journal (Newcastle, England) Contact Fred on 0151 648 3211 if you recognise yourself or a relativ READER John Gray from Kirkby sent this picture in (above) of Centre 63 Youth Centre in Kirkby. THE PEOPLE'S ARCHIVE; YOUR MERSEY MEMORIES ONLINE & IN PRINT by Liverpool Echo (Liverpool, England) 40 Vaal Represents St John Gray, the leading trainer at the track this season. BETTING WINDOW TODAY'S NAPS; INTERNATIONAL by The Racing Post (London, England)	John Fitzgerald Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site John Flamsteed John Flaxman John Fletcher John Ford John Fortescue John Foster Dulles John Francis Bray John Frank Schairer John Franklin John Franklin Enders John Frederick Charles Fuller John Frederick I John Frederick William Herschel John Fullarton John Galsworthy John Gay John George John Gilmore John Glenn John Gollan John Goodricke John Gorrie Museum State Park John Grahame Douglas Clark John Gray John Greer Dill John Grierson John H. Chafee National Wildlife Refuge at Pettaquamscutt Cove John Hadley John Hampden John Hancock John Hanning Speke John Harold Clapham John Hawkins John Hay National Wildlife Refuge John Heartfield John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum John Henry John Henry Newman John Henry OHara John Heywood John Howard Lawson John Howard Northrop John Hubert Marshall John Hughes John Hunt John Hutchinson John Hyrcanus John I John II	John Gibson John Gibson Lockhart John Gielgud John Gielgud John Gilmore John Girgenti John Girgenti John Glenn John Glenn John Glenn Adjusters & Administrators John Glenn Biomedical Engineering Consortium John Glenn High School John Glenn High School (Westland, Michigan) John Glenn High School (Westland, Michigan) John Glenn Middle School John Glenn, Jr. John Glenn, Jr. John Gokongwei School of Management John Gokongwei School of Management Business Accelerator John Gollan John Goodricke John Gorrie Museum State Park John Goss Projects John Gould Fletcher Branch Library John Gower John Graham Public Library John Graham, 1st Viscount of Dundee John Grahame Douglas Clark John Gray John Gray (author) John Gray High School John Greene Hall John Greenleaf Whittier John Greenleaf Whittier John Greenleaf Whittier Elementary John Greer Dill John Gregory Memorial Library John Grierson John Griffin Middle School John Griffith Chaney John Griffith Chaney John Griffith London John Griffith London John Grisham John Grisham John Grooms Housing Association John Groves Music Productions John H Martin Associates Ltd John H. Chafee National Wildlife Refuge at Pettaquamscutt Cove John H. Draize John H. Draize John H. Franklin John H. Glenn John H. Glenn John H. Glenn Jr. John H. Glenn Jr. John H. Glenn Research Center John H. Glenn, Jr. John H. Glenn, Jr.

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Byline: JOHN GRAY AS I lay awake one recent night, unable to sleep and pondering the Universe, I finally realised the true meaning of those whirly things sprouting up in Northumberland.

Letter: VOICE OF THE NORTH - The meaning of life is in wind farms by The Journal (Newcastle, England)

Contact Fred on 0151 648 3211 if you recognise yourself or a relativ READER John Gray from Kirkby sent this picture in (above) of Centre 63 Youth Centre in Kirkby.

THE PEOPLE'S ARCHIVE; YOUR MERSEY MEMORIES ONLINE & IN PRINT by Liverpool Echo (Liverpool, England)

40 Vaal Represents St John Gray, the leading trainer at the track this season.

BETTING WINDOW TODAY'S NAPS; INTERNATIONAL by The Racing Post (London, England)

John Fitzgerald Kennedy

John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site