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John Knox

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Knox, John 

Born 1505 or circa 1514 near Haddington; died Nov. 24, 1572, in Edinburgh. Leader in the Reformation; founder of the Presbyterian Church in Scotland. Son of a peasant.

Knox was a priest in the 1530’s. In the 1540’s he began delivering sermons in the spirit of Protestantism. He spent the 1550’s abroad; for several years he lived in Geneva, where he became close friends with Calvin, under whose influence his Protestant views took final shape. After returning to Scotland in 1559, he preached Calvinism, which in 1560, by an act of the Scottish Parliament, was declared the state religion. In the 1560’s he became Edinburgh’s main preacher. His fanatic devotion to Calvinism and irreconcilability with Catholicism made him one of the most ardent opponents of the Catholic Scottish queen Mary Stuart. His public statements against Mary Stuart, despite theological externals, expressed antityrannical ideas and exerted an influence on the radical segment of the Scottish Calvinists and the English Independents. He wrote The History of the Reformation in Scotland (published posthumously, 1587).

WORKS

Works, vols. 1–6. Edinburgh, 1846–64.
The History of the Reformation in Scotland, vols. 1–2. London, 1949.


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Under all these sovereigns (to complete our summary of the movement) the more radical Protestants, Puritans as they came to be called, were active in agitation, undeterred by frequent cruel persecution and largely influenced by the corresponding sects in Germany and by the Presbyterianism established by Calvin in Geneva and later by John Knox in Scotland.
in that kingdom, and that much is expected from his skill and zeal in delineating those specimens of national antiquity, which are either mouldering under the slow touch of time, or swept away by modern taste, with the same besom of destruction which John Knox used at the Reformation.
 
 
 
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